1naresh
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Criteria Major Coloboma Coloboma of iris, retina, choroid, disk; microphthalmia Choanal atresia Unilateral/bilateral, membranous/bony, stenosis/atresia Characteristic ear abnormalities External ear (loop or cup-shaped), middle ear (ossicular malformations, chronic serous otitis), mixed deafness; cochlear defects Cranial nerve dysfunction I, Anosmia; VII, facial palsy (unilateral or bilateral); VIII, sensorineural deafness and vestibular problems; IX and/or X, swallowing problems Minor Genital hypoplasia Males: micropenis, cryptorchidism; Females: hypoplastic labia; Both: delayed incomplete pubertal development Developmental delay Delayed motor milestones, hypotonia, mental retardation Cardiovascular malformations All types: conotruncal defects (eg, tetralogy of Fallot), arteriovenous canal defects, and aortic arch anomalies Growth deficiency Short stature Orofacial cleft Cleft lip and/or palate Tracheoesophageal fistula Tracheoesophageal defects of all types Distinctive face Characteristic facial features
Reprinted with permission from Clinical Pediatrics (1998;37:159–73). Copyright 1998, Sage Publications.