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Table 2: 
Procedural characteristics and follow-up outcomes
No.*Stenting SequenceGC into VAStent Type†, Size (mm)Inflation Pressure (atm)Stenosis (%) Pre/PostDSA FU Stenosis (%/mo)mRS Last FU (score/mo)
1R-V1→R-V4YesR-V1 Bio 4 × 15, R-V4 Bio 3.5 × 1111, 1060/20, 80/0NA1/59
2R-V4→R-V1YesR-V1 Bio 4 × 11, R-V4 Cor 3 × 1310, 850/0, 90/15NA0/52
3R-V1→BAYesR-V1 Cor 4 × 13, BA Bio 2 × 712, 730/0, 70/0NA0/50
4RV1→BANoR-V1 Bio 4 × 15, BA failed1270/0, 95/95NA6/4
5L-V4→L-V1YesL-V1 Fir 4 × 13, L-V4 Bio 3 × 2814, 940/25, 70/1510/6, 0/60/13
6BA→L-V1YesL-V1 Bio 4 × 15, BA Apo 3 × 815, 960/20, 70/15NA0/20
7R-V1→R-V4→R-V3NoR-V1 Tax 3.5 × 16, R-V4 Apo 2.5 × 13, R-V3 Apo 2.5 × 1312, 16, 1060/20, 70/10, 70/1030/8, 30/8, 30/82/35
8L-V1→L-V4YesL-V1 Exp 6 × 18, L-V4 Bio 3.5 × 1510, 1295/10, 95/205/7, 10/70/34
9RV1→BAYesR-V1 Exp 6 × 1810, 850/0, 80/0NA0/30
10R-V1→R-V4YesR-V1 Exp 5 × 19, R-V4 Bio 3 × 1510, 1070/0, 80/200/7, 0/70/18
  • Note:—mo indicates months; FU, follow-up; GC, guiding catheter; Pre, prestenting; Post, poststenting; VA, vertebral artery; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; mRS, modified Rankin scale; NA, not available.
  • * Case 2: general anesthesia, right brachial artery access, prestenting lumen diameter of the right VAO larger than guiding catheter. Case 4: tortuous right SA, excessive (3 mm) protrusion of VAO stent into the SA, failed to advance guiding catheter into the VA, failed to cross BA stenosis with microguidewire. Case 6: concurrent contralateral (right) VAO 90% stenosis stented first, prestenting lumen diameter of left VAO larger than guiding catheter. Case 7: excessive (5 mm) protrusion of VAO stent into the SA, failed to advance guiding catheter into VA but intracranial stents successfully delivered over microguidewire. Case 8: EPD (FilterWire, Boston Scientific, Natick, Mass) used during VAO stenting. Case 10: simultaneous stenting of right intracranial ICA.
  • † Apo indicates Apollo stent (MicroPort Medical, Shanghai, China); Bio, BiodivYsio (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill); Cor, Coroflex (Braun, Melsungen, Germany); Exp, Express (Boston Scientific, Natick, Mass); Fir, Firebird (MicroPort Medical); Tax, TAXUS Express (Boston Scientific,).