Table 2:

Animal and human studies validating CTP

Study	Subjects	Validation Method	Results	Comments
Animal Studies
Gobbel et al (1991)⁶⁹	25 Healthy dogs	Microspheres	CBF: r = 0.95, P < .05
Cenic et al (1999)⁶¹	13 Rabbits	Microspheres	CBF: r = 0.84, P < .001, slope = 0.97	Deconvolution method
Nabavi et al (1999)⁶²	5 Healthy and 7 ischemic beagles	Microspheres	Healthy: CBF, r = 0.78, slope = 0.93; ischemic: r = 0.79, slope = 0.97	Deconvolution method
Cenic et al (2000)⁶⁴	9 Rabbits with tumors	Microspheres; postmortem histology	CBF: r = 0.85, P < .001, slope = 0.99	Deconvolution method
Nabavi et al (2001)⁶⁶	7 Ischemic rabbits		CBF: r = 0.95, slope = 1.05	Deconvolution method
			CBV: r = 0.80, slope = 0.49
			MTT: r = 0.85, slope = 0.95
Human studies
Gillard et al (2000)⁷²	2 With gliomas, 6 with AVMs	PET	r² = 0.52	Maximal slope method; VPE
Wintermark et al (2001)⁶⁷	9 With cerebrovascular disease	Xe-CT	CBF: r² = 0.79, slope = 0.87	Deconvolution method
Kudo et al (2003)⁷⁰	5 Healthy subjects	PET	CBF: r = 0.69, slope = 1.05	Deconvolution method; VPE
Sase et al (2005)⁷¹	7 Healthy subjects	Xe-CT	CBF: r² = 0.46–0.93 depending on the brain region, P < .05, slopes <0.81 or >1.20	Maximum slope method; VPE; different territories compared
Kanazawa et al (2007)²⁹	28 Healthy subjects	Xe-CT	CBF: r = 0.61–0.70, P < .01	Several territories compared
Bisdas (2008)⁷³	7 With strokes	PET	CBF: r = 0.77, P = .00	Deconvolution method

Note:—AVM indicates arteriovenous malformation; PET, positron-emission tomography; Xe-CT, xenon-enhanced CT; VPE, vascular pixel elimination; CBF, cerebral blood flow; MTT, mean transit time.