Table 6:

Data of patient's maximum skin dose (ESD) during neuroembolization in the literature

Target Lesions or Procedure	No. of Patients	Average Maximum ESD, Gy	Average Total Fluoroscopic Time, min	Dosimetry	Authors	Published Year
AN	86	1.8 ± 1.1	59.8 ± 33.7	44 points by radiosensitive indicator	This study	This study
AVF	7	2.0 ± 1.0	120.3 ± 67.3	Same as above	This study	This study
CCF	6	2.6 ± 0.9	125.9 ± 27.3	Same as above	This study	This study
AVM	4	1.6 ± 0.5	40.0 ± 8.7	Same as above	This study	This study
GDC embolization with an old angiography unit	12	2.2	56	5 points by TLDs	Mooney et al¹⁸	2006
GDC embolization with a new angiography unit	12	0.5	31	5 points by TLDs	Mooney et al¹⁸	2006
AN	143	1.9	73.8	CareGraph	Miller et al¹⁹	2003
AN	4	0.3 ± 0.1	44.3 ± 20.0	10 points by TLDs	Bergeron et al²⁰	1994
AVF	9	3.1 ± 1.6^*	33.9 ± 33.5	5 points by TLDs	Kuwayama et al²	1994
AVM	169	2.0	91.5	CareGraph	Miller et al¹⁹	2003
AVM	5	0.7 ± 0.5^*	59.8 ± 26.8	2 points by TLDs	Berthelsen et al²¹	1991
AVM	3	1.9 ± 2.7^*	24.7 ± 9.6	5 points by TLDs	Kuwayama et al²	1994
AVM	2	0.8 ± 0.7	44.5 ± 10.6	10 points by TLDs	Bergeron et al²⁰	1994
AN, AVF, AVM	94	2.1	NA	PEMNET	O'Dea et al⁵	1999
AN, AVM	31	0.9 ± 0.5	34.8 ± 12.6	23 points by TLDs	Kemerink et al⁶	2002

Note:—AN indicates cerebral aneurysm; AVF, dural arteriovenous fistula; CCF, internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula; AVM, arteriovenous malformation; GDC, Guglielmi detachable coil; TLD, thermoluminescent dosimeter; NA, not available; ESD, entrance skin dose.
* Dose in Sv.