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Table 1: 
Comparison of unblinded and blinded patients at baseline
VariableUnblindedBlindedUnadjusted P
No. of patients (%)131 (53.3%)115 (46.7%)
Mean age42.8 (SD = 10.3)43.3 (SD = 10.6).733
No. of women (%)79 (55.6%)63 (44.4%).382
No. of people of color (%)40 (54.8%)33 (45.2%).732
Mean years of education14.5 (SD = 2.9)15.0 (SD = 2.7).087
Mean no. of sick days2.4 (SD = 4.1)2.4 (SD = 4.2).682
No. with radiculopathy (%)76 (58.0%)74 (49.3%).310
Mean Roland score13.9 (SD = 5.2)12.4 (SD = 5.8).054
Mean VPAS for average pain5.3 (SD = 1.8)5.2 (SD = 2.0).867
Mean VPAS for worst pain8.8 (SD = 1.4)8.3 (SD = 2.1).180
Mean self-efficacy pain55.4 (SD = 21.7)59.3 (SD = 22.9).165
Mean self-efficacy other60.5 (SD = 21.6)64.2 (SD = 21.0).186
Mean FAQ physical activity17.0 (SD = 5.8)17.4 (SD = 5.5).517
Mean FAQ work14.4 (SD = 10.9)14.4 (SD = 10.8).975
Mean SF-36: PF45.3 (SD = 25.1)47.6 (SD = 26.5).517
Mean SF-36: RP17.4 (SD = 30.7)22.8 (SD = 35.1).287
Mean SF-36: BP28.9 (SD = 30.7)33.7 (SD = 21.5).093
Mean SF-36: GH73.4 (SD = 18.3)74.7 (SD = 16.1).723
Mean SF-36: VT41.5 (SD = 22.0)46.9 (SD = 20.2).032
Mean SF-36: SF57.4 (SD = 32.5)62.5 (SD = 30.3).252
Mean SF-36: RE74.9 (SD = 38.7)77.3 (SD = 35.7).904
Mean SF-36: MH75.7 (SD = 20.4)78.3 (SD = 16.3).698
  • Note:—SD indicates standard deviation; VPAS, visual pain analog scale; FAQ, fear avoidance questionnaire; SF, short form; PF, physical functioning; RP, role-physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health; VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role-emotional; MH, mental health.