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Table 5. Clinical studies with intravenous LOCM
Study Year of Publication Contrast Medium No. of Subjects Criterion for CIN Outcome
Barrett²³ 2006 Iopamidol, Iodixanol 153 increase ≥0.5 mg/dL in SCr CIN in 3% (2 subjects) of iodixanol-group
Becker³⁷ 2005 Iodixanol 100 >0.5 mg/dL increase in SCr CIN in 9%
Kolehmainen²⁵ 1998 Iobitridol, iodixanol 50 ≥0.5 mg/dL increase in SCr CIN in 4 of 25 subjects in each group
Tepel³² 2000 Iopromide 83 ≥0.5 mg/dL increase in SCr CIN in 21% without NAC
Carraro²⁴ 1998 Iopromide, iodixanol 64 ≥50% increase in SCr CIN in no subject who received LOCM and in 3% (2/32) with IOCM
Note:—SCr indicates serum creatinine; CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; LOCM, low osmolar contrast medium; IOCM, iso-osmolal contrast medium; NAC, N-Acetylcystein.

Study	Year of Publication	Contrast Medium	No. of Subjects	Criterion for CIN	Outcome
Barrett²³	2006	Iopamidol, Iodixanol	153	increase ≥0.5 mg/dL in SCr	CIN in 3% (2 subjects) of iodixanol-group
Becker³⁷	2005	Iodixanol	100	>0.5 mg/dL increase in SCr	CIN in 9%
Kolehmainen²⁵	1998	Iobitridol, iodixanol	50	≥0.5 mg/dL increase in SCr	CIN in 4 of 25 subjects in each group
Tepel³²	2000	Iopromide	83	≥0.5 mg/dL increase in SCr	CIN in 21% without NAC
Carraro²⁴	1998	Iopromide, iodixanol	64	≥50% increase in SCr	CIN in no subject who received LOCM and in 3% (2/32) with IOCM