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Table 1: Prognostic factors in patients with high-grade astrocytoma
Prognostic Factor No. of Patients (N = 49) Overall Survival^* (%) P Value^†
Age (yr) 
    ≤49 16 63 .011
    ≥50 33 30 
Sex 
    Male 30 27 .029
    Female 19 63 
Histologic diagnosis 
    AA 18 89 <.001
    GBM 31 13 
Neurologic function^‡ 
    Work 19 68 .002
    Home or hospital 30′ 23 
Mental status 
    Normal 38 47 .019
    Abnormal 11 18 
Symptom duration (mo) 
    ≤3 39 39 .567
    <3 10 50 
KPS score 
    ≤80 28 21 .003
    90–100 21 67 
Extent of surgery 
    Biopsy 15 27 .024
    Resection 34 47 
Tumor enhancement 
    Present 36 22 <.001
    Absent 13 92 
rCBV 
    ≤2.3 27 67 <.001
    <2.3 2 9 
Note:—AA indicates anaplastic astrocytoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; KPS, Karnofsky performance scale; rCBV, relative cerebral blood volume.
* Data are 2-year overall survival rates, expressed as percentages.
† P values were calculated by using the logrank test.
‡ Neurologic function sufficient to enable the patient to work or limited so that the patient is either confined to the home or hospitalized.