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Table 1: 

Characteristics of the 4 study groups or the number and percentage of patients with the condition*
CharacteristicsGhent Independent of DE (n = 73)Ghent Dependent on DE (n = 14)Not Fulfilling Ghent (n = 18)Control (n = 101)P Value
Age (mean ± SD)39.4 (12.2)40.6 (17.1)36.1 (13.4)39.6 (12.9).74 
Females (No.) (%)45 (61.6)11 (78.6)11 (61.6)64 (63.4).68 
DSR L3 (mean ± SD)0.50b,c (0.11), n = 690.53c (0.06)0.43a (0.08), n = 140.45a,b (0.07)<.001 
DSR L4 (mean ± SD0.50b (0.12), n = 720.51b (0.07)0.41a (0.06)0.43a (0.07)<.001 
DSR L5 (mean ± SD)0.57b (0.18), n = 680.65b (0.20)0.39a (0.09)0.42a (0.08)<.001 
DSR S1 (mean ± SD)0.94b (0.69), n = 611.02b (0.77), n = 130.40a (0.12), n = 120.41a (0.13), n = 96<.001 
DSD sacrum > DSD L438 (55.1%), n = 694 (28.6%)1 (5.6%)5 (5.0%)<.001
Herniation of nerve root sleeves 
    Present in ≥1 level (No.) (%)53 (72.6%)10 (71.4%)2 (11.1%)1 (1%)<.001 
    Present in level L59 (12.3%)0 (0%)0 (0%)0 (0%)<.001 
    Present in level S135 (47.9%)8 (57.1%)2 (11.1%)0 (0%)<.001 
    Present in level S248 (65.8%)8 (57.1%)1 (5.6%)1 (1%)<.001 
    Present in level S330 (41.1%)5 (35.7%)0 (0%)0 (0%)<.001 
    Present in level S48 (11%)1 (7.1%)0 (0%)0 (0%)<.004 
 Odds ratio, ≥1 herniation of the nerve root sleeve265 (34–2029)250 (25–2458)12.5 (1–145)ref<.001 
Anterior meningocele27 (37%)2 (14%)00<.001 
Scalloping L1-S1 ≥1 level44 (61.1 %), n = 72 8 (42.9%) 1 (5.6%)4 (4%), n = 100<.001 
Perineural cysts11 (15.1 %) 1 (7.1%) 1 (5.6%)8 (7.9%).387 
Disk herniation beneath T12 5 (7%), n = 69 1 (7%) 2 (11%)6 (6%).890 
Caudal end of dural sac
    L5, L5/S1, S110 (14.5%) 0 (0%) 9 (50%)22 (21.8%)<.001 
    S226 (37.7%) 9 (64.3%) 8 (44.4%)68 (67.3%)<.001 
    S3, S4, S533 (47.8%), n = 69 5 (35.7%) 1 (5.6%)11 (10.9%)<.001
  • 

    Note:—DE, dural ectasia; DSR, dural sac ratio; DSD, dural sac diameter.
  • 


    * Study groups not containing similar letters (a, b, c, or d) for means were statistically different at the 5% level. Where n is specified in a cell, there were some observations missing and n is the actual number of observations. Missing values are due to incomplete anatomic coverage with CT, extreme scoliosis at MR, or the dural sac ending above the missed level.