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Table 1: Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
Characteristic Data
Male-female 36:12
Age (range) 68 yr (46–82 yr)
Vascular risk factors 
    Smoking 10 (21%)
    Hypertension 23 (48%)
    Diabetes 13 (27%)
    Hyperlipidemia 13 (27%)
    Coronary artery disease 
Previous posterior circulation stroke 10 (21%)
Bilateral vertebral artery disease 24 (50%)
Contralateral vertebral artery occlusion 7 (15%)
Intracranial stenosis in the posterior circulation 14 (29%)
Symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia 
    Dizziness 18 (38%)
    Drop attack 4 (8%)
    Dysarthria 2 (4%)
    Vertigo 19 (40%)
    Nystagmus 7 (15%)
    Gait disturbance 9 (19%)
    Diplopia 6 (13%)

Characteristic	Data
Male-female	36:12
Age (range)	68 yr (46–82 yr)
Vascular risk factors
Smoking	10 (21%)
Hypertension	23 (48%)
Diabetes	13 (27%)
Hyperlipidemia	13 (27%)
Coronary artery disease
Previous posterior circulation stroke	10 (21%)
Bilateral vertebral artery disease	24 (50%)
Contralateral vertebral artery occlusion	7 (15%)
Intracranial stenosis in the posterior circulation	14 (29%)
Symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia
Dizziness	18 (38%)
Drop attack	4 (8%)
Dysarthria	2 (4%)
Vertigo	19 (40%)
Nystagmus	7 (15%)
Gait disturbance	9 (19%)
Diplopia	6 (13%)