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TABLE 1:

Language measures

MeasurePatients with DyslexiaControl Subjects
MeanSDMeanSD
Verbal IQ115.510.2120.115.5
Word identification*83.511.5109.35.9
Word attack86.87.7107.35.3
Phonologic8.81.611.31.4
RAN letters§2.21.9−0.70.6
RAN switching letters/numbers§3.93.2−0.40.8
Orthographic word choice33.320.071.311.3
  • * Real words were used.

  • Pronounceable pseudowords were used.

  • The task was to delete sounds in spoken words. The frequency of correct responses was recorded.

  • § The task was to rapidly but accurately name rows of continuous letters or alternating letters and digits. Z scores were based on grade norms for time (in seconds), with positive scores indicating performance slower and below the mean and negative scores indicating performance faster and above the mean.

  • The task was to choose correctly spelled words from three choices pronounced the same or nearly the same. The percentage of correct responses was recorded.