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TABLE 2: Outcomes in experimental and clinical trials of various neuroprotective agents
Drug Type of Trial Results Reference No.
1. Na channel blockers 59
 Phenytoin Exp + 
Clin − 
 Carbamazepine Exp + 
 Lamotrignine Exp + 
 Sipatrigine Exp + 
Clin −− 
 Riluzole Exp + 
2. K channel blockers 
 BMS-204352 Exp + 71
Clin − 72
3. Ca channel blockers 73
 (S)-emopamil Exp +/− 75
 Nimodipine Exp +/− 
Clin +/− 
 Dantrolene Exp +/− 
 Flunarizine Clin − 
4. NMDA antagonists 89
 MK-801 Exp +/− 
Clin −− 
 Aptiganel Exp + 
Clin −− 
 CP101,606 Exp + 100
 Eliprodil Exp + 
Clin − 
 NPS-1506 Exp + 
Clin + 103
 Magnesium Exp + 113
Clin IP 
5. AMPA antagonists 
 YM-872 Exp + 106
Clin IP 
6. MGLUR modulators 
 BAY 36-7620 Exp +/− 111
7. NAALADase Inhibitors 109
 GPI5232 Exp + 
 2-PMPA Exp + 
8. GABA Agonists 
 Clomethiazole Exp + 114
Clin − 115
 Diazepam Clin IP 
9. Anti adhesion molecules 
 Enlimomab Exp +/− 136
Clin −− 135
10. MMP Inhibitors 116
 Batimistat Exp + 
 KB-R7785 Exp + 
 BB-1101 Exp + 138
11. Free Radical Scavengers 116
 PBN Exp +/− 
 Ebselen Clin IP 
 MCI-186 Exp + 
 NXY-059 Exp + 
Clin +, IP 
 PEG-SOD Clin + 
 Tirilazad Exp + 
Clin +/− 
 MDL 74,180 Exp + 
 TEMPO Exp + 
 Nicaraven Exp + 
Clin + 
12. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 116
 Mevastatin Exp + 
 Atorvastatin Exp + 
 Pravastatin Clin + 
 Simvastatin Exp + 
 Lovastatin Exp + 
Note.—Na indicates sodium; K, potassium; Ca, calcium; Exp, experimental study; Clin, clinical study; +, improved outcome; −, no effect; −−, worsened outcome; +/−, mixed results; IP, in progress.
The numbers 1–12 at each class of therapy correspond to the numbers 1–12 in Fig 1.