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TABLE 5: Periventricular echogenicity and ventriculomegaly shown on sonograms as predictors of MR imaging-defined white matter abnormalities*
Relative Risk of WMA (95% CI) Sensitivity % Specificity % Positive Predictive Value % Negative Predictive Value %
Minimal to moderate WMA 
 Periventricular echogenicity 0.9 44 50 53 41
 Grade 2–5 on any sonogram (0.5–1.7) 
 P value .8 
 Periventricular echogenicity 2.0 22 100 100 50
 Grade 3–5 on any sonogram (1.4–2.9) 
 P value .06 
Moderate WMA only 
 Periventricular echogenicity .9 38 58 23 74
 Grade 2–5 on any sonogram (0.3–3.0) 
 P value .8 
 Periventricular echogenicity 4.2 38 96 75 82
 Grade 3–5 on any sonogram (1.6–11.1) 
 P value .04 
 Definite ventriculomegaly on any sonogram 2.1 28 100 100 52
(1.4–3.1) 
 P valuey .05 
* Ultrasonography is compared with MR imaging in the absence of an in vivo gold standard of brain injury in the newborn.
Note.—WMA indicates white matter abnormality; CI, confidence interval.