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Table 1: CNS applications of advanced MR imaging techniques
Technique Application
DTI and fiber tractography^12,13 Biopsy guidance
Determination of functionally eloquent tracts and surgical plan
PWI^14–24 
    DSC Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral lesions, primary vs metastatic lesions, tumor grading, tumor complications, treatment response, pseudoprogression
    DCE Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral tissue, tumor grading, treatment response, pseudoprogression
    DWI^25,26 Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral lesions, tumor grading, treatment response
ADC^27,28 Glioma grading, differentiation of high cellularity lymphoma
MRS^29–33 Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral lesions, primary vs metastatic lesions, treatment response
Blood oxygen level–dependent imaging³⁴ Neuronal activity, surgical guidance
Nuclear medicine, PET³⁵ Biopsy guidance, treatment response, differential diagnosis: tumor recurrence vs radionecrosis
Volumetric imaging³⁶ Not widely available and implementable

Technique	Application
DTI and fiber tractography^12,13	Biopsy guidance
	Determination of functionally eloquent tracts and surgical plan
PWI^14–24
DSC	Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral lesions, primary vs metastatic lesions, tumor grading, tumor complications, treatment response, pseudoprogression
DCE	Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral tissue, tumor grading, treatment response, pseudoprogression
DWI^25,26	Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral lesions, tumor grading, treatment response
ADC^27,28	Glioma grading, differentiation of high cellularity lymphoma
MRS^29–33	Differential diagnosis: tumor vs nontumoral lesions, primary vs metastatic lesions, treatment response
Blood oxygen level–dependent imaging³⁴	Neuronal activity, surgical guidance
Nuclear medicine, PET³⁵	Biopsy guidance, treatment response, differential diagnosis: tumor recurrence vs radionecrosis
Volumetric imaging³⁶	Not widely available and implementable