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Table 1: 
Comparison of baseline characteristics between SpS and DS groups
Baseline Characteristics SpS Group  (n = 48) DS Group  (n = 40) P Value^a
Age (yr)^b 68 ± 9 68 ± 11 .730
Sex (male) 69% 53% .090
Height (cm)^b 161 ± 8 159 ± 10 .336
Body weight (kg)^b 64 ± 10 65 ± 13 .702
Body mass index (kg/m²)^b 25 ± 3 26 ± 4 .251
Duration of symptoms (mo)^b 28 ± 34 39 ± 31 .121
Presence of low back pain 48% 50% .508
The most constricted level .182
    L2/3 \n2% \n0% 
    L3/4 21% 23% 
    L4/5 63% 75% 
    L5/S1 15% 3% 


↵a There are no statistically significant differences in any parameters between 2 groups.


↵b Values are mean ± SD.

Baseline Characteristics	SpS Group (n = 48)	DS Group (n = 40)	P Value^a
Age (yr)^b	68 ± 9	68 ± 11	.730
Sex (male)	69%	53%	.090
Height (cm)^b	161 ± 8	159 ± 10	.336
Body weight (kg)^b	64 ± 10	65 ± 13	.702
Body mass index (kg/m²)^b	25 ± 3	26 ± 4	.251
Duration of symptoms (mo)^b	28 ± 34	39 ± 31	.121
Presence of low back pain	48%	50%	.508
The most constricted level			.182
L2/3	\n2%	\n0%
L3/4	21%	23%
L4/5	63%	75%
L5/S1	15%	3%