Table 3:

MRI markers at baseline and follow-up of all patients with MS and estimated yearly changes of control subjects

MRI Marker	Patients				Healthy Controls
MRI Marker	Baseline (Mean)	Follow-Up (Mean)^a	Annual Change (Mean)	P Value	Estimated Annual Change
ADC histogram markers					B^b	95% CI
Mean (10⁻⁶ m²/s)	0.961 ± 0.031	0.965 ± 0.031	0.004 ± 0.013	.035^c	0.0009^d	0.0001; 0.0016
Variance (10⁻⁶ m²/s)	0.088 ± 0.008	0.089 ± 0.007	0.001 ± 0.004	.099^c	0.0002^d	0; 0.0005
Skew	1.023 ± 0.159	0.990 ± 0.151	−0.033 ± 0.078	.008^c	−0.0038^d	−0.0075; −0.0002
Peak height (10⁻³)	2.644 ± 0.266	2.599 ± 0.253	−0.045 ± 0.144	.043^c	−0.0028	−0.0101; 0.0046
Peak position (10⁻⁶ m²/s)	0.763 ± 0.021	0.765 ± 0.020	0.003 ± 0.013	.172^c	0.0004	0.0001; 0.0010
BPF	0.815 ± 0.043	0.811 ± 0.039	−0.004 ± 0.016	.087^c	−0.0023^d	−0.0033; 0.0013
PBVC (%)			−0.464 ± 1.233	.017^e	N/A
WMLL_perc (%)	3.800 ± 2.117	3.921 ± 2.346	0.121 ± 0.557	.157^c	N/A
Patients with enhancing lesions (%)	18.0	20.4	N/A	1.000^f	N/A

Note:—N/A indicates not applicable.
↵a Annualized values are given except for assessment of gadolinium enhancement.
↵b Unstandardized coefficient of linear regression.
↵c Two-sided paired t test.
↵d Significant linear correlation with age in the control group (P ≤ .05).
↵e PBVC as estimated by the SIENA method. One-sample t test for comparison against zero.
↵f Fisher exact test.