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Table 3: Clinical outcome in histology(+) and culture(−) and histology(−) cases^{^a}
Histology(+), Culture(−) Culture(−)
Infection 53 30
    Confirmed by operation 13 4
    Isolation of the causative organism by blood culture 12 5
    Improvement after empiric antibiotic treatment 25 19
    Aggravation on follow-up MRI 3 1
Noninfection 11 20
    Compression fracture 6 7
    Degenerative change (Modic type I) 2 3
    Hemorrhage by previous trauma 0 2
    CML 0 1
    Follow-up loss 1 1
    Etc 2 6
64 50
Note:—Etc. indicates the case that infectious spondylitis was suspected on MRI image, but clinical symptoms were improved without empirical antibiotic treatment; CML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
↵a For Histology(+), the pathology report was recorded as “consistent with infectious spondylitis, “active or acute inflammation,” “suggestive of osteomyelitis,” and “chronic granulomatous inflammation.” Histology(−) indicates the rest except the histology(+). Culture(+) is identification of the causative organism. Culture(−) is no identification of the causative organism.