1naresh
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Levels of Evidence Type of Evidence 1a High-quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias 1b Well-conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a low risk of bias 1c Meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a high risk of biasb 2a High-quality systematic reviews of case–control or cohort studies; high-quality case–control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding, bias, or chance and a high probability that the relationship is causal 2b Well-conducted case–control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding, bias, or chance and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal 3 Case–control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding bias or chance and a significant risk that the relationship is not causalb 4 Nonanalytic studies (for example, case reports, case series) 5 Expert opinion, formal consensus