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Demographic data for participant groups
GroupNo. of Patients (Sex)Age (y)Diagnosis (MS Subtype)Disease Duration (y)EDSS (Range)
Healthy volunteers7 (5 F)44 ± 7−−−
All patients with MS39 (21 F)a49 ± 12Relapsing-remitting (n = 14)13 ± 111.0–7.0
Secondary-progressive (n = 10)
Primary-progressive (n = 15)
MS subgroup for quantitative analysis10 (9 F)47 ± 12Relapsing-remitting (n = 4)17 ± 141.0–6.5
Secondary-progressive (n = 5)
Primary-progressive (n = 1)
  • ↵a One of 40 patients recruited was dropped from the analysis when clinically diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica.