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Table 1: Demographic, clinical, and white matter hyperintensity characteristics between patients with Parkinson disease with and without mild cognitive impairment
Demographic and Clinical Variables PD-NCI (n = 65) PD-MCI (n = 25) P Value
Age (yr) (mean) (SD) 63.4 (7.6) 69.4 (6.4) .001^{^a,^b}
Sex (male) (No.) (%) 46 (72.3) 18 (76.0) .723^{^c}
Education (yr) (mean) (SD) 11.0 (3.1) 9.3 (3.5) .032^{^a,^d}
Hoehn and Yahr (mean) (SD) 1.9 (0.4) 1.8 (0.4) .357^{^d}
Disease duration (yr) (mean) (SD) 5.4 (4.3) 5.0 (2.7) .910^{^d}
UPDRS (mean) (SD) 17.5 (7.0) 20.0 (8.4) .167^{^b}
Levodopa equivalent dose (mg) (mean) (SD) 557.4 (375.7) 510.2 (299.0) .767^{^d}
Cardiovascular risk factors (No.) (%) 
    Diabetes 5 (7.8) 8 (32.0) .004^{^a,^c}
    Hypertension 20 (31.3) 13 (52.0) .069^{^c}
    Hyperlipidemia 20 (31.3) 14 (56.0) .031^{^a,^c}
    Smoking 15 (23.4) 6 (24.0) .955^{^c}
White matter hyperintensities 
    Total WMH volume (mm) (mean) (SD) 4.2 (5.8) 12.3 (10.3) <.001^{^a,^e}
Note:—UPDRS indicates Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, subscore III; WMH, white matter hyperintensities.
↵a Significant differences at P < .05 level.
↵b Student t test.
↵c χ² test.
↵d Mann-Whitney U test.
↵e Analysis of covariance test, corrected for age, sex, and education.