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Table 1: Demographic data of the derivation and validation cohorts
Derivation Cohort Healthy Volunteers Validation Cohort
Healthy Volunteers Patients with PD
No. of subjects 113 50 30
Mean age (yr) 52.3 ± 13.1 54.1 ± 12.2 56.9 ± 10.5
Male sex (No.) (%) 58 (51.3) 25 (50.0) 19 (63.3)
Median UPDRS-III (IQR, range) NA NA 29.5 (20.5–38.5; 12–47)
Median Hoehn and Yahr stage (IQR, range) NA NA 2 (1–3; 1–3)
L-DOPA therapy (No.) (%) NA NA 19 (63.3%)
DA therapy (No.) (%) NA NA 15 (50.0)
Mean of disease duration (mo) (range) NA NA 28.4 ± 12.0 (6–48)
Note:—DA indicates dopamine agonist; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale.

	Derivation Cohort Healthy Volunteers	Validation Cohort
	Derivation Cohort Healthy Volunteers	Healthy Volunteers	Patients with PD
No. of subjects	113	50	30
Mean age (yr)	52.3 ± 13.1	54.1 ± 12.2	56.9 ± 10.5
Male sex (No.) (%)	58 (51.3)	25 (50.0)	19 (63.3)
Median UPDRS-III (IQR, range)	NA	NA	29.5 (20.5–38.5; 12–47)
Median Hoehn and Yahr stage (IQR, range)	NA	NA	2 (1–3; 1–3)
L-DOPA therapy (No.) (%)	NA	NA	19 (63.3%)
DA therapy (No.) (%)	NA	NA	15 (50.0)
Mean of disease duration (mo) (range)	NA	NA	28.4 ± 12.0 (6–48)