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Table 1: Demographic characteristics, neuropsychological test scores, and mean phase of the low-phase voxels across subcortical deep gray matter structures
MS (n = 85) NC (n = 27) P Value
Characteristics 
    Age 46.0 ± 9.2 41.9 ± 10.7 NS^{^a}
    Education 14.4 ± 2.2 15.3 ± 2.4 NS^{^a}
    Female, n (%) 59 (69.4) 17 (63.0) NS^{^a}
    Caucasian, n (%) 73 (85.9) 24 (88.9) NS^{^a}
    Right-handed, n (%) 77 (90.6) 25 (92.6) NS^{^a}
    Impaired, n (%) 52 (61.2) 1 (3.7) <.001^{^a}
    Disease duration 10.9 ± 7.6 
    DMT duration^{^b} 3.8 ± 3.6 
    EDSS^{^c} 3.6 ± 1.9 
    T2 lesion volume 18.5 ± 20.3 
    T1 lesion volume 3.4 ± 7.1 
NP test scores 
    SDMT 50.8 ± 15.8 66.0 ± 10.5 <.001^{^d}
    PASAT 42.0 ± 15.7 49.8 ± 8.7 .017^{^d}
    DKEFS-CS 9.5 ± 3.0 11.7 ± 2.4 <.001^{^d}
    CVLT2 52.1 ± 13.1 64.4 ± 7.4 <.001^{^d}
    BVMT-R 7.8 ± 2.8 10.4 ± 1.5 <.001^{^d}
MP-LPV 
    Thalamus −0.099 ± 0.016 −0.092 ± 0.011 .027^{^a}
    Caudate nucleus −0.178 ± 0.021 −0.166 ± 0.011 .007^{^a}
    Putamen −0.184 ± 0.033 −0.172 ± 0.028 NS^{^a}
    Globus pallidus −0.195 ± 0.036 −0.179 ± 0.029 NS^{^a}
    Pulvinar −0.157 ± 0.036 −0.139 ± 0.012 .014^{^a}
Note:—NC indicates healthy control; DMT, disease-modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; NS, not significant.
↵a P value is based on 1-way ANOVA.
↵b n = 68 for calculation of DMT duration as only 68 were on therapy.
↵c n = 83 for calculation of mean EDSS as 2 patients were not assessed during their clinical visit.
↵d P value is based on 1-way ANCOVA, controlling for age and years of education. Age, education, disease duration, and DMT duration data are given as mean years ± SD. Lesion volume is given as mean milliliters ± SD. NP test data for the SDMT, PASAT, DKEFS-CS, CVLT2, and BVMT-R are given as mean test score ± standard deviation. MP-LPV data in the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and pulvinar structures are given as radians ± SD.