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Table 3: Three models combining an imaging parameter with clinical factors as potential prognostic variables of overall survival in patients with gliomas
Factors HR (95% CI) P Value
Model 1 
    Age older than 50 yr 1.03 (0.99–1.06) .17
    Biopsy vs resection 4.11 (1.68–10.05) .002
    Grade 3 vs 2 1.20 (0.19–7.65) .85
    Grade 4 vs 2 1.21 (0.28–5.33) .80
    Karnofsky score < 80 2.56 (1.19–5.51) .02
    K^trans ≥ 0.05 min⁻¹ 4.53 (1.22–16.82) .02
Model 2 
    Age older than 50 yr 1.06 (1.03–1.09) .0002
    Biopsy vs resection 3.68 (1.54–8.78) .004
    Grade 3 vs 2 1.06 (0.16–6.89) .95
    Grade 4 vs 2 1.76 (0.35–8.75) .49
    Karnofsky score < 80 3.21 (1.48–6.92) .003
    V_p ≥ 5 mL/100 g 1.30 (0.37–4.54) .68
Model 3 
    Age older than 50 yr 1.03 (0.99–1.07) .087
    Biopsy vs resection 4.36 (1.77–10.77) .002
    Grade 3 vs 2 1.28 (0.20–8.25) .79
    Grade 4 vs 2 1.00 (0.22–4.63) .99
    Karnofsky score < 80 2.51 (1.16–5.43) .02
    Marked contrast enhancement 4.79 (1.22–18.87) .03

Factors	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Model 1
Age older than 50 yr	1.03 (0.99–1.06)	.17
Biopsy vs resection	4.11 (1.68–10.05)	.002
Grade 3 vs 2	1.20 (0.19–7.65)	.85
Grade 4 vs 2	1.21 (0.28–5.33)	.80
Karnofsky score < 80	2.56 (1.19–5.51)	.02
K^trans ≥ 0.05 min⁻¹	4.53 (1.22–16.82)	.02
Model 2
Age older than 50 yr	1.06 (1.03–1.09)	.0002
Biopsy vs resection	3.68 (1.54–8.78)	.004
Grade 3 vs 2	1.06 (0.16–6.89)	.95
Grade 4 vs 2	1.76 (0.35–8.75)	.49
Karnofsky score < 80	3.21 (1.48–6.92)	.003
V_p ≥ 5 mL/100 g	1.30 (0.37–4.54)	.68
Model 3
Age older than 50 yr	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	.087
Biopsy vs resection	4.36 (1.77–10.77)	.002
Grade 3 vs 2	1.28 (0.20–8.25)	.79
Grade 4 vs 2	1.00 (0.22–4.63)	.99
Karnofsky score < 80	2.51 (1.16–5.43)	.02
Marked contrast enhancement	4.79 (1.22–18.87)	.03