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Participant demographics and cognitive performance^{^a}
Controls Patients P Value
Age (yr) 47.51 ± 10.09 49.08 ± 10.03 .53
Sex 18 F, 9 M 27 F, 13 M .94
Education (yr) 17.37 ± 3.87 13.66 ± 2.05 <.001
Median Expanded Disability Status Scale score (range) NA 5.25 (2.0–9.0) NA
Mean disease duration NA 14.90 ± 8.91 years NA
Disease-modifying therapy NA None: n = 22; glatiramer acetate: n = 12; interferon β-1a: n = 6 NA
Lesion load NA 6.23 ± 8.78 mL NA
SRT immediate recall 56.15 ± 6.20 44.40 ± 10.77 <.001
SRT continuous long-term retrieval 42.63 ± 12.12 23.00 ± 14.66 <.001
SRT delayed recall 9.11 ± 2.10 6.70 ± 2.69 <.001
SPART immediate recall 20.37 ± 5.10 20.25 ± 5.20 .90
SPART delayed recall 7.11 ± 2.55 6.98 ± 2.39 .76
SDMT 58.74 ± 10.52 49.56 ± 16.08 .02
PASAT 3-second^{^b} 49.04 ± 8.51 43.94 ± 11.73 .55
PASAT 2-second^{^c} 36.52 ± 8.62 32.15 ± 10.78 .49
Phonemic fluency (word list generation) 30.52 ± 6.94 27.28 ± 8.57 .25
Note:—NA indicates not applicable.
↵a Group comparisons in cognition are education-adjusted. Data are means unless otherwise indicated.
↵b Available from 35 patients with MS and 26 controls.
↵c Available from 34 patients with MS and 25 controls.