Characteristics of patients with CADASIL and control subjects

	Patients with CADASIL (n = 26)	Control Subjects (n = 29)	P Value
Demographic characteristics
Age (mean) (yr)	54.0 ± 10.4	53.9 ± 11.0	.973
Male sex (No.)	13 (50.0%)	15 (51.7%)	.901
Right-handed (No.)	26 (100%)	29 (100%)	NA
Level of education (mean) (yr)	11.3 ± 3.7	13.5 ± 3.5	.022
History of stroke (No.) (%)	20 (77%)	0 (0%)	NA
Neuropsychological tests
Reaction time (mean) (ms)	288 ± 56	253 ± 43	.02
MMSE score (mean)	28.4 ± 1.8	29.0 ± 1.1	.169
Apathy scale (mean)	8.6 ± 4.6	6.8 ± 3.0	.119
MADRS scale (mean)	5.9 ± 6.9	1.7 ± 3.0	.007
Imaging markers
Corpus callosum area (mean) (mm²)	609 ± 93	713 ± 111	<.001, <.001^{^a}
Brain parenchymal fraction (mean)	0.84 ± 0.03	0.84 ± 0.03	.766
Volume of white matter (mean) (cm³)	450.5 ± 66.6	433.9 ± 44.5	.35
Volume of lacunes^{^b} (mean) (median) (range) (mm³) (n = 15/26, 57.6%)	529, 303, 14–1975	No control had lacunes^{^c}	NA
Volume of WMH (mean) (median) (range) (mm³) (n = 26/26, 100%)	93,638; 74,087; 7249–267,095	No control had significant lesions^{^c}	NA
No. of MB^{^b} (mean) (median) (range) (n = 8/26, 30.7%)	6.5, 2.5, 1–32	No control had MB^{^c}	NA

Note:—MMSE indicates Mini-Mental State Examination; MADRS, Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; NA, not applicable.
↵a Adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial cavity.
↵b In patients with such lesions.
↵c Visually rated from a concomitant 7T protocol, including high-resolution 3D-T1 and 2D gradient recalled echo T2* sequences.