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Table 2: Clinical outcomes in the intervention and standard CT protocols^{^a}
Outcome Intervention CT Protocol (n = 73) Standard CT Protocol (n = 73) P Value
Primary end points 
    Image noise, lower neck^{^b} 
        Thyroid gland 12.3 ± 5.1 17.2 ± 5.5 <.001
        Internal jugular vein 10.7 ± 4.4 14.3 ± 5.1 <.001
    DLP (mGy × cm) 397.6 ± 52.8 413.9 ± 56.3 <.001
Secondary end points 
    Streak artifacts^{^c} 1.6 ± 0.5 1.9 ± 0.4 <.001
        1 26 (35.6%) 11 (15.1%) 
        2 46 (63.0%) 59 (80.8%) 
        3 1 (1.4%) 3 (4.1%) 
    Image noise, midneck^{^b} 
        Internal jugular vein 7.1 ± 3.7 9.1 ± 5.8 .009
        SCM muscle 5.6 ± 2.4 7.3 ± 4.0 <.001
CTDI_vol (mGy) 13.4 ± 0.9 13.9 ± 0.9 <.001
Effective diameter (cm)^{^d} 16.2 ± 4.4 19.6 ± 4.9 <.001
C7-biacromial line distance (cm)^{^e} −2.4 ± 1.1 −0.3 ± 1.1 <.001
Note:—SCM indicates sternocleidomastoid.
↵a Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
↵b Based on the evaluation of image noise, by measurement of the SD of the CT values in Hounsfield units.
↵c Streak artifacts at the supraclavicular fossa (1, none or minimal; 2, mild; and 3, severe).
↵d Effective diameter of the neck at the level of the lower margin of the cricoid cartilage.
↵e The C7-biacromial line distance was defined as the distance from the intersection of a line connecting the acromion processes to the upper endplate of C7. Negative values indicate that the biacromial line was located caudal to the upper margin of C7, and positive values, that it was located cranial of the upper margin of C7.