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Table 4: 2D contrast protocol
Name TOF MRA Localizer Oblique T1WI Localizer Precontrast and Postcontrast^{^a} T1WI 3D-TOF MPRAGE
Plaque feature Localize artery Localize bifurcation Plaque burden and distribution, LRNC Stenosis, ulceration, calcification Intraplaque hemorrhage
Sequence^{^b} FFE/SPGR TSE/FSE TSE/FSE FFE/SPGR IR-TFE/IR-FSPGR
Image mode 2D 2D 2D 3D 3D
Scan plane Axial Oblique Axial Axial Axial
TR (ms) 25 2000 800 24 13
TE (ms) 4 8 10 Min Min
FOV (cm) 16 × 12 16 × 16 16 × 16 16 × 16 16 × 16
Resolution (mm²) 0.63 × 0.83 0.63 × 0.63 0.63 × 0.63 0.63 × 0.63 0.63 × 0.63
Slice thickness (mm) 2 2 2 2/−1 2/−1
No. of slices 32 6 16 40 40
Blood suppression Saturation–veins MSDE QIR^{^c} Saturation–veins No^{^d}
Special parameters Flip angle = 40° Echo-train = 14; 3 slices/TR Echo-train = 10 Flip angle = 20° Flip angle = 15°, turbo factor = 30, TI = 500 ms, IRTR = 800 ms
Fat suppression No Yes Yes No Water excitation
Note:—QIR indicates quadruple inversion recovery.
↵a Clinical CE-MRA per institutional protocol can be used before postcontrast sequence.
↵b Siemens/Philips/GE acronyms.
↵c Double inversion recovery can be used, but blood suppression may be incomplete, and inversion time is a variable dependent on patient and contrast bolus.
↵d Pulse gating not required for any sequence.