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Table 2: Relationship between dual-energy CT/MR imaging and histopathologic findings for the detection of cartilage invasion^{^a}
TP TN FN FP Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) PPV (%) NPV (%)
Thyroid cartilage (n = 55) 
    MRI 19 23 0 13 100 (82–100) 64 (46–79) 59 (41–76) 100 (85–100)
    Dual-energy CT 17 36 2 0 89 (67–99) 100 (90–100) 100 (80–100) 95 (82–99)
    P value^{^b} .5 <.001 
Cricoid cartilage (n = 55) 
    MRI 8 41 0 6 100 (63–100) 87 (74–95) 57 (29–82) 100 (91–100)
    Dual-energy CT 6 46 2 1 75 (35–97) 98 (89–100) 86 (42–100) 96 (86–99)
    P value^{^b} .5 .06 
Arytenoid cartilage (n = 110) 
    MRI 8 91 1 10 89 (52–100) 91 (83–95) 44 (22–69) 99 (94–100)
    Dual-energy CT 6 98 3 3 67 (30–93) 97 (92–100) 67 (30–93) 97 (92–99)
    P value^{^c} .43 .09 
All cartilage (n = 220) 
    MRI 35 155 1 29 97 (85–100) 84 (78–89) 55 (42–67) 99 (96–100)
    Dual-energy CT 29 180 7 4 81 (64–92) 98 (95–99) 88 (72–97) 96 (92–98)
    P value^{^c} .16 <.004 
Note:—TP indicates true positive; TN, true negative; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.
↵a Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Negative findings for cartilage invasion are scores 1 and 2; positive findings are scores 3–5.
↵b As determined with the McNemar test.
↵c According to the generalized linear mixed model that accounted for the multiple observations within patients.