Array ( [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array ( [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity [type] => guest [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org [access-type] => Controlled [privilege] => Array ( [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array ( [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege [type] => privilege-set [privilege-set] => GUEST ) ) [credentials] => Array ( [method] => guest ) ) [f6f7eb48-dfea-4f27-899f-ecf4de6f5706] => Array ( [runtime-id] => f6f7eb48-dfea-4f27-899f-ecf4de6f5706 [type] => toll-free-key [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org [access-type] => Controlled [privilege] => Array ( [c21d2990-5075-4a12-991d-92aeadf04ca2] => Array ( [runtime-id] => c21d2990-5075-4a12-991d-92aeadf04ca2 [type] => toll-free-key ) ) [credentials] => Array ( [method] => toll-free-key [value] => tf_ipsecsha;5a456c364e25284e39929c4c9e23c90131fc8a86 ) ) ) 1naresh2naresh

Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [f6f7eb48-dfea-4f27-899f-ecf4de6f5706] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => f6f7eb48-dfea-4f27-899f-ecf4de6f5706
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c21d2990-5075-4a12-991d-92aeadf04ca2] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c21d2990-5075-4a12-991d-92aeadf04ca2
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;5a456c364e25284e39929c4c9e23c90131fc8a86
                )

        )

)

A comparison of the published prospective multicenter sham procedure RCTs on vertebroplasty for osteoporotic fractures
Trials of Buchbinder et al^23,26 INVEST²⁴ VAPOUR³³
Total enrollment (No.) 78 131 120
Age (yr) inclusion threshold None 50 60
Mean (SD) age (yr) 76.6 (12.1) 73.8 (9.4) 80.5 (7)
NRS pain score inclusion threshold None ≥3 ≥7
No. (%) with severe pain 38 (49%) NRS ≥8/10 61 (47%) NRS ≥8/10 120 (100%) NRS ≥7/10
Fracture age (wk) threshold <52 <52 <6
Mean (SD) fracture age (wk) 11.7 (11.1) 22.5 (16.3) 3 (2)
No. (%) fractures <6-weeks 31 (40%) 26 (20%) 120 (100%)
Advanced imaging (MRI or SPECT/CT) required? Yes No Yes
Hospitalized patients NR 0 57%
Mean (SD) PMMA volume (mL) 2.8 (1.2) NR 7.5 (2.8)
Primary end point Mean NRS pain at 3 mo Mean NRS pain at 1 mo % NRS pain <4/10 at 2 wk
Primary outcome No difference No difference Vertebroplasty superior
Note:—NR indicates not reported.

	Trials of Buchbinder et al^23,26	INVEST²⁴	VAPOUR³³
Total enrollment (No.)	78	131	120
Age (yr) inclusion threshold	None	50	60
Mean (SD) age (yr)	76.6 (12.1)	73.8 (9.4)	80.5 (7)
NRS pain score inclusion threshold	None	≥3	≥7
No. (%) with severe pain	38 (49%) NRS ≥8/10	61 (47%) NRS ≥8/10	120 (100%) NRS ≥7/10
Fracture age (wk) threshold	<52	<52	<6
Mean (SD) fracture age (wk)	11.7 (11.1)	22.5 (16.3)	3 (2)
No. (%) fractures <6-weeks	31 (40%)	26 (20%)	120 (100%)
Advanced imaging (MRI or SPECT/CT) required?	Yes	No	Yes
Hospitalized patients	NR	0	57%
Mean (SD) PMMA volume (mL)	2.8 (1.2)	NR	7.5 (2.8)
Primary end point	Mean NRS pain at 3 mo	Mean NRS pain at 1 mo	% NRS pain <4/10 at 2 wk
Primary outcome	No difference	No difference	Vertebroplasty superior