Table 1:

Study population demographics for cohort 1—two-week-old neonates (n = 43)

	Vaginal Delivery (Mean ± SD) (n = 32)	Cesarean Delivery (Mean ± SD) (n = 11)	P Value
DTI TBSS study (n = 43)	32	11
RS-fMRI study (n = 37)	27	10
Mother's age at delivery (yr)	29.0 ± 3.9	30.6 ± 4.4	.26
Mother's age at delivery (yr)	29.2 ± 4.1	30.6 ± 4.6	.35
Mother's body fat % at early/prepregnancy	33.4 ± 8.6	36.9 ± 8.5	.24
Mother's body fat % at early/prepregnancy	34.5 ± 8.8	38.4 ± 7.3	.23
Mother's BMI at 12 wk of pregnancy	25.1 ± 5.2	28.8 ± 5.1	.04
Mother's BMI at 12 wk of pregnancy	25.5 ± 5.5	29.2 ± 5.1	.08
Mother's gestational weight gain (kg)	11.79 ± 3.07	9.02 ± 3.37	.02^{^c}
Mother's gestational weight gain (kg)	11.51 ± 2.75	8.87 ± 3.51	.03^{^c}
Mother's IQ^{^a}	107.7 ± 9.6	104.2 ± 6.9	.18
Mother's IQ^{^a}	108.6 ± 9.2	104.8 ± 6.9	.22
Gestational age at MRI^{^b} (days)	290 ± 6	287 ± 6	.20
Gestational age at MRI^{^b} (days)	291 ± 6	288 ± 5	.22
Sex (M/F)	20/12	3/8	.04^{^c}
Sex (M/F)	19/8	3/7	.03^{^c}
Birth weight (kg)	3.51 ± 0.46	3.56 ± 0.54	.79
Birth weight (kg)	3.49 ± 0.36	3.63 ± 0.52	.35
Birth length (cm)	51.1 ± 2.6	49.3 ± 2.6	.05^{^c}
Birth length (cm)	51.2 ± 2.1	49.3 ± 2.7	.02^{^c}
Head circumference (cm)	36.2 ± 1.1	35.9 ± 0.5	.22
Head circumference (cm)	36.3 ± 0.9	35.9 ± 0.6	.31
Diet for the first 2 wk (breastmilk/formula)	29/3	10/1	.98
Diet for the first 2 wk (breastmilk/formula)	24/3	9/1	.92

For each cell in the table, the first row is for the DTI TBSS study, the second row is for the RS-fMRI study.
↵a Not available for 1 subject with vaginal delivery.
↵b Defined as gestational age at birth plus postnatal age at MRI.
↵c Consistently different between groups for both TBSS and RF-fMRI and therefore included as a covariate in the analysis.