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Table 2: 
Study population demographics for cohort 2—eight-year-olds (n = 60)
Vaginal Delivery (n = 37)Cesarean Delivery (n = 23)P Value
DTI TBSS study (n = 56)3521
VBM study (n = 57)3621
Birth weight (mean ± SD) (kg)3.37 ± 0.403.44 ± 0.49.79
3.34 ± 0.433.45 ± 0.48.55
Gestational age at birth (mean ± SD) (days)276 ± 9275 ± 9.43
275 ± 10274 ± 10.75
Age at MRI (mean ± SD) (yr)7.93 ± 0.267.87 ± 0.24.42
7.94 ± 0.267.92 ± 0.27.94
Sex (M/F)13/2211/10.26
14/229/12.77
Infant diet (breastmilk/formula)14/214/17.10
15/214/17.08
BMI (mean ± SD)16.8 ± 2.917.1 ± 2.3.49
16.7 ± 2.917.4 ± 2.8.27
SESa mother's education: high school/college/graduate degree4/15/82/5/3.99
SESa father's education: high school/college/graduate degree7/17/33/6/1.99
SESa mother's annual income: NA/<$20k/$20k–$50k/>$50k12/5/9/11/2/3/4.03
SESa father's annual income: NA/<$20k/$20k–$50k/>$50k1/0/11/150/0/3/7.79
IQ (mean ± SD)110 ± 10112 ± 17.53
112 ± 11112 ± 16.72
CELF-4 language scores (mean ± SD)b103 ± 14104 ± 16.31
103 ± 12105 ± 14.24
CMS general memory index (mean ± SD)b113 ± 12109 ± 13.14
115 ± 11111 ± 13.24
  • Note:—SES indicates socioeconomic status; CELF-4, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals; CMS, Childhood Memory Scale; NA, not applicable. For each cell in the table, the first row is for the DTI TBSS study, the second row is for the VBM study.
  • ↵a Only partial socioeconomic status data were available for all subjects (n = 27 for vaginal delivery, n = 10 for cesarean delivery).
  • ↵b Not available for 1 subject with cesarean delivery.