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Table 1:

Sample characteristics

Total Group (n = 936) (100%)Controls (n = 893) (95.4%)Enlarged CSP (n = 43) (4.6%)
Child characteristics
    Age (mean) (SD) (yr)7.9 (1.00)7.9 (1.00)7.9 (0.91)
    Sex (%)
        Girls45.545.644.2
        Boys54.554.455.8
Ethnicity (%)
    Dutch68.869.065.1
    Other Western6.87.12.3
    Non-Western24.424.032.6
Handedness (%)
    Right90.590.590.7
    Left9.49.49.3
Maternal characteristics
    Maternal education (%)a
        Low10.910.814.0
        Medium29.029.027.9
        High50.651.141.9
Alcohol during pregnancy (%)b
    Never34.334.039.5
    Stopped13.713.811.6
    Occasionally35.735.734.9
    Frequently9.29.44.7
Smoking during pregnancy (%)c
    Never72.272.174.4
    Stopped6.36.44.7
    Continued17.917.918.6
  • a Low indicates primary school or lower vocational education; medium, intermediate vocational education; high, higher vocational education or university. Missing data on maternal education are 9.5%.

  • b Frequently indicates that the mother drank ≥1 glass per week for at least 2 trimesters. Missing data on alcohol are 7.2%.

  • c Smoking >10 cigarettes per day fluctuated between 3.6% and 5.6% throughout pregnancy, with the highest percentage in the first trimester.41 Missing data on smoking are 3.5%.