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Table 2:

Brain imaging characteristics of 8 patients with GJA1 variantsa

Patient 1Patient 2Patient 3Patient 4Patient 5Patient 6Patient 7Patient 8
Age (yr)/disability stage64/134/325/349/322/119/149/656/1
WM T1 signal (relative to the cortex gray matter)IsoHyperHyperIsoIsoHyperIsoHyper
WM T2-hyperintense signal
    Periventricular++++++++++
    Internal capsule (posterior limb)++++++/−++
    Corpus callosum++
    Cerebellar peduncles++++++
    Ventral pons+++
Globus pallidus
    Hypointensity on T2*-/susceptibility- weighted imagingND++++++/−++++
    Eye of the tiger+
    CalcificationsNDND+ (Unilat.)++ (Bilat.)
Atrophy
    Ventricle/subarachnoid space+++/+++++/+++/+−/−+/−−/−+++/+++++/+
    Corpus callosum+++++/−+/−++++
    Cerebellar vermis/hemisphere+/−++/+−/−+/−+/−+/−++/+++/+
  • Note:—Iso indicates isointense; Hyper, hyperintense; ND, not done; Unilat., unilateral; Bilat., bilateral; −, absence of abnormalities; +/−, very mild; +, mild; ++, moderate; +++, severe.

  • a Disability stage index: 1, no functional handicap but signs at examination; 3, moderate, unable to run, limited walking without aid; 6, unable to walk, requiring wheelchair.