Table 1:

Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with IWMDR in children with cerebral malaria^{^a}

	IWMDR+	IWMDR−	OR	95% CI	P Value
Clinical characteristics
Admission temperature (°C)	38.9 ± 1.1	38.8 ± 1.2	1.11	0.87–1.42	.40
Plasma lactic acid levels (mmol/L)	5.4 ± 3.6	6.9 ± 4.5	0.91	0.85–0.98	.02
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	41.2 ± 214.7	74.9 ± 137.6	1.00	0.99–1.00	.14
HIV status	5 (9.6%)	32 (16.3%)	0.55	0.20–1.48	.23
Reported preadmission seizure	53 (89.8%)	171 (83.0%)	1.80	0.72–4.52	.21
Plasma glucose level (mmol/L)	6.4 ± 2.1	6.7 ± 3.6	0.97	0.89–1.06	.49
Plasma HRP-II levels	10.2 ± 10.2	10.8 ± 10.1	0.99	0.96–1.02	.67
Received anticonvulsant at admission	35 (57.4%)	148 (71.2%)	0.55	0.30–0.98	.04
Admission Blantyre coma scale score	1.4 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	1.44	0.90–2.31	.13
Admission white blood cell count × 10^−9/L	10.5 ± 7.9	11.3 ± 7.9	0.98	0.95–1.03	.51
Platelet count × 10^−9/L	56 ± 60	59 ± 64	1.00	1.00–1.00	.81
EEG characteristics
Average voltage (μV)	128.9 ± 50.7	104.5 ± 53.5	1.01	1.00–1.02	.02
Maximum voltage (μV)	251.1 ± 75.8	219.4 ± 88.5	1.00	0.99–1.01	.06
Sleep architecture	20 (55.6%)	66 (55.5%)	1.00	0.47–2.13	.99
Dominant rhythm frequency (Hz)	2.3 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 1.7	NA	NA	.56
Variability	24 (66.7%)	69 (58.0%)	1.45	0.66–3.17	.35
Reactivity	20 (58.8%)	45 (40.5%)	2.10	0.96–4.58	.06
General slowing	35 (97.2%)	105 (90.5%)	3.67	0.46–29.4	.22
Paradoxic reactivity	10 (50%)	17 (37.0%)	1.70	0.59–4.93	.32
Asymmetry	7 (19.4%)	34 (28.8%)	0.60	0.24–1.49	.27
Outcomes
Overall coma duration (hrs)	47.5 ± 25.3	74.8 ± 43.9	0.98	0.97–0.99	<.001
Full recovery	55 (90.2%)	148 (71.2%)	3.70	1.50–9.10	.004
Survival with sequelae	5 (8.2%)	27 (13.0%)	0.60	0.22–1.63	.32
Death	1 (1.6%)	33 (15.9%)	0.09	0.01–0.67	.02

Note:—HRP-II indicates histidine-rich protein, a marker of parasite burden; IWMDR+, subjects with purely subcortical white matter abnormalities, excluding those with cortical DWI abnormalities and those with basal ganglia DWI abnormalities; IWMDR−, those who did not meet criteria for IWMDR+; NA, not applicable.
↵a Values are No. (%) or means.