Table 2:

Procedural parameters, complications, follow-up, and outcome

Parameter	No. (relative frequency) / Mean ± SD
Selected feeder for embolization
Middle meningeal artery	86 (65.2%)
Occipital artery	31 (23.5%)
Others	14 (10.6%)
No. of embolization positions
1	103 (78.0%)
2	24 (18.2%)
3	4 (3.0%)
Embolization technique
Onyx transarterial	76 (57.6%)
Onyx transarterial combined with venous balloon protection	28 (21.2%)
Onyx transarterial with a dual-lumen balloon catheter	19 (14.4%)
Onyx transvenous combined with coiling	3 (2.3%)
Others	7 (5.3%)
Complications
Overall complications	11 (8.3%)
Asymptomatic complications	6 (4.5%)
Transient symptomatic complications	3 (2.3%)
Permanent complications^{^a}	2 (1.5%)
Follow-up
Follow-up period (mo)	23.6 ± 23.5
Total follow-up time (patient yr)	216.3
Angiographic outcome
Initial complete angiographic occlusion	86 (78.2%)
Spontaneous occlusion after subtotal endovascular occlusion	14 (12.7%)
Time period from last treatment to diagnosis of spontaneous occlusion (months)	6.6 ± 8.1
Overall complete occlusion at last examination	100 (90.9%)
Recurrence	4 (3.6%)
Clinical outcome
Preinterventional mRS score	0.8 ± 0.9
Postinterventional mRS score at discharge	0.7 ± 1.1
Postinterventional mRS score at 6 mo after treatment	0.4 ± 0.9
Complete symptom remission after treatment	73 (66.4%)
Symptom relief after treatment	32 (29.1%)
Stable symptoms after treatment	3 (2.7%)
Worsening of symptoms after treatment	2 (1.8%)
Treatment success^{^b}	90 (81.8%)

↵a Both permanent complications were lethal intracerebral hemorrhages.
↵b Defined as complete symptom remission for low-grade DAVFs (no cortical venous reflux/Cognard I–IIa) and complete angiographic occlusion for high-grade DAVFs (to presence of cortical venous reflux/Cognard IIa+b to IV).