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Table 1: Demographic and clinical characteristics of subgroups of patients with limbic encephalitis and their corresponding control groups
GAD-LE VGKC-LE GAD-CON VGKC-CON
Early group 
 No. (men) 23 (7) 25 (16) 23 (7) 25 (16)
 Age at MR imaging (mean) (yr) 34.2 ± 11.2 59.5 ± 15.2 35.4 ± 10.6 57.2 ± 13.2
 Time between onset^{^a} and scan (mean) (mo) 9.5 ± 7.4 7.6 ± 6.1 NA NA
 Interictal EEG lateralization 5/12/1/5 7/8/2/8 NA NA
(n = right/left/bilateral/unclear) 
 No. of bilateral mesiotemporal FLAIR-T2-hyperintensities 2 5 NA NA
 No. of first-line immunotherapies 3 9 NA NA
 No. of second-line immunotherapies 0 1 NA NA
Late group 
 No. (men)^{^b} 33 (10) 22 (10) 33 (10) 22 (10)
 Age at MR imaging (mean) (yr) 33.9 ± 12.3 57.0 ± 16.8 34.4 ± 11.9 53.2 ± 13.2
 Time between onset^{^a} and scan (mean) (mo) 62.5 ± 26.2 61.5 ± 23.6 NA NA
 Interictal EEG lateralization 5/11/3/12 4/8/1/9 NA NA
(n = right/left/bilateral/unclear) 
 No. of bilateral mesiotemporal FLAIR-T2-hyperintensities 4 3 NA NA
 No. of first-line immunotherapies 14 18 NA NA
 No. of second-line immunotherapies 6 4 NA NA
Note:—NA indicates not applicable; CON, matched healthy control group.
↵a Onset of the first limbic encephalitis–related symptom.
↵b Patients scanned repeatedly were included in both (early and late) study groups (repeat scans GAD-LE: n = 10; repeat scans VGKC-LE, n = 13).