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Table 4: Radiation exposure based on time^{^a}
Approximate Corresponding Radiation Incurred 
CT-guided average effective dose 0.36 ± 0.41 mSv
CF average fluoroscopy time of 24.3 sec 0.17 mSv
↵a Average CT-guided effective dose was calculated from dose-length product values reported by Lazarus et al¹¹ over 228 SCNRB cases using a conversion factor of 5.4 uSv/mGy × cm for cervical spine examinations developed by Huda et al.²¹ CF radiation dose is referenced and extrapolated from a direct comparison by Schmid et al²⁷ using an Alderson Rando phantom.

Approximate Corresponding Radiation Incurred
CT-guided average effective dose	0.36 ± 0.41 mSv
CF average fluoroscopy time of 24.3 sec	0.17 mSv