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Table 4: Correlation between individual biomarkers and spondylodiscitis as proved on pathology and/or microbiology^{^a}
Positive Pathology and/or Microbiologyy
r P PPV NPV Sensitivity Specificity
Epidural enhancement 
 Observer 1 0.37 .00^{^b} 61.3 75.6 65.5 72.1
 Observer 2 0.42 .001^{^b} 50.9 100 100 34.9
 Observer 3 0.39 .001^{^b} 49.2 100 100 30.2
 Majority consensus 0.47 .001^{^b} 53.7 100 100 41.9
Paraspinal enhancement 
 Observer 1 0.34 .03^{^b} 50.0 88.9 93.1 37.2
 Observer 2 0.27 .02^{^b} 44.6 100 100 16.3
 Observer 3 0.30 .01^{^b} 53.8 75.8 72.4 58.1
 Majority consensus 0.39 .01^{^b} 49.2 100 100 30.2
Hyperintense T2 disc signal 
 Observer 1 0.30 .03^{^b} 49.2 79.6 82.5 42.6
 Observer 2 0.15 .05^{^b} 31.2 96.2 95.3 19.6
 Observer 3 0.25 .02^{^b} 45.5 80.2 74.2 50.4
 Majority consensus 0.28 .03^{^b} 48.0 95.2 93.5 29.8
Vertebral endplate erosion 
 Observer 1 0.29 .02^{^b} 48.9 82.4 89.6 33.6
 Observer 2 0.17 .03^{^b} 37.5 95.8 92.5 27.5
 Observer 3 0.33 .01^{^b} 38.1 82.5 76.3 59.1
 Majority consensus 0.31 .02^{^b} 42.6 91.5 91.8 34.7
Blood culture growth 0.03 .79 50 59.4 3.4 97.6
Fever status 0.25 .03^{^a} 55.2 69.8 55.2 69.8
Leukocytosis 0.039 .77 40 55.4 13.8 83.8
Hemoglobin count^{^c} −0.02 .86 NA NA NA NA
Platelet count^{^c} 0.17 .18 NA NA NA NA
ALP level^{^c} 0.05 .73 NA NA NA NA
ESR^{^c} −0.07 .62 NA NA NA NA
CRP^{^c} 0.26 .04^{^a} NA NA NA NA
Note:—NA indicates not applicable; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.
↵a The Spearman correlation was used for rank/categoric variables.
↵b Statistically significant P values (<.05).
↵c Continuous variables in which the Pearson correlation was used.