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Table 2:

Visual grading scales for SVD markers and total SVD score

MR Imaging Sequence and Visual RatingTotal SVD Scorea
Type 1: Hypertensive42Type 2: CAA33
Classic markers
 LacuneT2WI/FLAIRAny lacunes: 1 point
 WMHFLAIR/Fazekas scale (0–3):Periventricular WMH: 0 = absent; 1 = caps or pencil-thin; 2 = smooth halo; 3 = irregular extending to deep WMDeep WMH: 0 = absent; 1 = punctate foci; 2 = beginning confluence; 3 = large confluent areasDeep WMH (Fazekas 2 or 3) or periventricular WMH (Fazekas 3): 1 pointDeep WMH (Fazekas 2 or 3) or
periventricular WMH (Fazekas 3): 1 point
 PVST2WI 4-point visual rating scale:0: no PVS; 1 (mild): ≤10 PVS; 2 (moderate): 11–20 PVS; 3 (moderate to severe): 21–40 PVS; and 4 (severe): >40 PVS>20 PVS in the basal ganglia: 1 point>20 PVS in CSO: 1 point
 MicrobleedsT2* GRE/SWI; several visual scores are available including MARS and BOMBSAny microbleed: 1 point2–4 Cortical CMB: 1 point;≥5 cortical CMB: 2 points
New markers
 cSST2* GRE/SWI, categorized as focal or disseminatedFocal cSS: 1 point; disseminated cSS: 2 points
 Cortical microinfarctHigh-field MR imaging (>3T)3D T1WI3D DIR
  • Note:—GRE indicates gradient recalled-echo; MARS, Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale; BOMBS, Brain Observer MicroBleed Scales; CSO, centrum semiovale; cSS, cortical superficial siderosis; BG, basal ganglia; DIR, double inversion recovery.

  • a Type 1: Hypertensive; type 2: CAA.