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Participant characteristics
All Patients (n = 50) LTLE (n = 40) RTLE (n = 10) HC (n = 22) P Value
Sex 
 Female 32 (64%) 25 (62.5%) 7 (70%) 14 (63.6%) >.05
 Male 18 (36%) 15 (37.5%) 3 (30%) 8 (36.4%)
Seizures 
 FAS 7 (14%) 6 (15%) 1 (10%) NA 
 FIAS 45 (90%) 36 (90%) 9 (90%) NA 
 FBTCS 7 (14%) 5 (12.5%) 2 (20%) NA 
 FIAS frequency per mo (mean) 5.5 (SD, 6.1) 6 (SD, 6.5) 4 (SD, 3.4) NA 
 FBTCS frequency per mo (mean) 0.8 (SD, 2.0) 0.35 (SD, 0.95) 0.3 (SD, 1.0) NA 
Age and duration (mean) (yr) 
 Age at scan 37 (SD, 13) 37 (SD, 13) 35 (SD, 13) 34 (SD, 11) >.05
 Age at seizure onset 14 (SD, 10) 14 (SD, 10) 15 (SD, 6) NA 
 Epilepsy duration at scan 23 (SD, 15) 23 (SD, 16) 20 (SD, 12) NA 
Pathology^{^a} 
 HS 23 (46%) 18 (45%) 5 (50%) NA 
 Cavernoma 3 (6%) 2 (5%) 1 (10%) NA 
 DNT 1 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (10%) NA 
 Focal cortical dysplasia 7 (14%) 7 (17.5%) 0 (0%) NA 
 Gliosis 2 (4%) 1 (2.5%) 1 (10%) NA 
 Other 6 (12%) 6 (15%) 0 (0%) NA 
 No abnormality 11 (22%) 8 (20%) 3 (30%) NA 
Note:—FAS indicates focal aware seizures; FIAS, focal with impaired awareness seizures; FBTCS, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures; DNT, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor; HS, hippocampal sclerosis; LTLE, left TLE; NA, not applicable; RTLE, right TLE. Significant (P <.05) difference compared with controls.
↵a Location of the lesions are detailed in supplementary material table S.