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<meta name="DC.Title" content="COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Imaging Biomarker in Suspected Acute Stroke" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6832" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on clinical features and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing, but the sensitivity is limited. Carotid CTA is a routine acute stroke investigation and includes the lung apices. We evaluated CTA as a potential COVID-19 diagnostic imaging biomarker.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective study ( n  = 225) including CTAs of patients with suspected acute stroke from 3 hyperacute stroke units (March-April 2020). We evaluated the reliability and accuracy of candidate diagnostic imaging biomarkers. Demographics, clinical features, and risk factors for COVID-19 and stroke were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.

RESULTS: Apical ground-glass opacification was present in 22.2% (50/225) of patients. Ground-glass opacification had high interrater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95) and, compared with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, had good diagnostic performance (sensitivity, 75% [95% CI, 56–87]; specificity, 81% [95% CI, 71–88]; OR = 11.65 [95% CI, 4.14–32.78]; P  &lt; .001) on multivariate analysis. In contrast, all other contemporaneous demographic, clinical, and imaging features available at CTA were not diagnostic for COVID-19. The presence of apical ground-glass opacification was an independent predictor of increased 30-day mortality (18.0% versus 5.7%, P  = .017; hazard ratio = 3.51; 95% CI, 1.42–8.66; P  = .006).

CONCLUSIONS: We identified a simple, reliable, and accurate COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker obtained from CTA lung apices: the presence or absence of ground-glass opacification. Our findings have important implications in the management of patients presenting with suspected stroke through early identification of COVID-19 and the subsequent limitation of disease transmission.

BSTI
:   British Society of Thoracic Imaging
COVID-19
:   coronavirus disease 2019
GGO
:   ground-glass opacification
IRR
:   interrater reliability
RT-PCR
:   reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
SARS-CoV-2
:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Siddiqui" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Bala" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Sciacca" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.M. Falzon" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Benger" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.A. Matloob" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F.N.A.C. Miller" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.J. Simister" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="I. Chatterjee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.K. Sztriha" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="I. Davagnanam" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.C. Booth" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Extracranial Vascular" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Imaging Biomarker in Suspected Acute Stroke" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on clinical features and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing, but the sensitivity is limited. Carotid CTA is a routine acute stroke investigation and includes the lung apices. We evaluated CTA as a potential COVID-19 diagnostic imaging biomarker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This was a multicenter, retrospective study (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 225) including CTAs of patients with suspected acute stroke from 3 hyperacute stroke units (March-April 2020). We evaluated the reliability and accuracy of candidate diagnostic imaging biomarkers. Demographics, clinical features, and risk factors for COVID-19 and stroke were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apical ground-glass opacification was present in 22.2% (50/225) of patients. Ground-glass opacification had high interrater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95) and, compared with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, had good diagnostic performance (sensitivity, 75% [95% CI, 56–87]; specificity, 81% [95% CI, 71–88]; OR = 11.65 [95% CI, 4.14–32.78]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) on multivariate analysis. In contrast, all other contemporaneous demographic, clinical, and imaging features available at CTA were not diagnostic for COVID-19. The presence of apical ground-glass opacification was an independent predictor of increased 30-day mortality (18.0% versus 5.7%, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;= .017; hazard ratio = 3.51; 95% CI, 1.42–8.66; &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;= .006).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We identified a simple, reliable, and accurate COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker obtained from CTA lung apices: the presence or absence of ground-glass opacification. Our findings have important implications in the management of patients presenting with suspected stroke through early identification of COVID-19 and the subsequent limitation of disease transmission.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/01/01" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
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<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6832" />
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<meta name="citation_volume" content="42" />
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<meta name="citation_section" content="Extracranial Vascular" />
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="138" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="J. Siddiqui" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.S., F.B., T.C.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-8339" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="F. Bala" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Sciacca" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dLysholm Department of Neuroradiology (S.S., A.M.F., I.D.)" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Imaging Biomarker in Suspected Acute Stroke" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on clinical features and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing, but the sensitivity is limited. Carotid CTA is a routine acute stroke investigation and includes the lung apices. We evaluated CTA as a potential COVID-19 diagnostic imaging biomarker.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective study ( n  = 225) including CTAs of patients with suspected acute stroke from 3 hyperacute stroke units (March-April 2020). We evaluated the reliability and accuracy of candidate diagnostic imaging biomarkers. Demographics, clinical features, and risk factors for COVID-19 and stroke were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.

RESULTS: Apical ground-glass opacification was present in 22.2% (50/225) of patients. Ground-glass opacification had high interrater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95) and, compared with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, had good diagnostic performance (sensitivity, 75% [95% CI, 56–87]; specificity, 81% [95% CI, 71–88]; OR = 11.65 [95% CI, 4.14–32.78]; P  &lt; .001) on multivariate analysis. In contrast, all other contemporaneous demographic, clinical, and imaging features available at CTA were not diagnostic for COVID-19. The presence of apical ground-glass opacification was an independent predictor of increased 30-day mortality (18.0% versus 5.7%, P  = .017; hazard ratio = 3.51; 95% CI, 1.42–8.66; P  = .006).

CONCLUSIONS: We identified a simple, reliable, and accurate COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker obtained from CTA lung apices: the presence or absence of ground-glass opacification. Our findings have important implications in the management of patients presenting with suspected stroke through early identification of COVID-19 and the subsequent limitation of disease transmission.

BSTI
:   British Society of Thoracic Imaging
COVID-19
:   coronavirus disease 2019
GGO
:   ground-glass opacification
IRR
:   interrater reliability
RT-PCR
:   reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
SARS-CoV-2
:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Imaging Biomarker in Suspected Acute Stroke" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/1/138" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on clinical features and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing, but the sensitivity is limited. Carotid CTA is a routine acute stroke investigation and includes the lung apices. We evaluated CTA as a potential COVID-19 diagnostic imaging biomarker.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective study ( n  = 225) including CTAs of patients with suspected acute stroke from 3 hyperacute stroke units (March-April 2020). We evaluated the reliability and accuracy of candidate diagnostic imaging biomarkers. Demographics, clinical features, and risk factors for COVID-19 and stroke were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.

RESULTS: Apical ground-glass opacification was present in 22.2% (50/225) of patients. Ground-glass opacification had high interrater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95) and, compared with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, had good diagnostic performance (sensitivity, 75% [95% CI, 56–87]; specificity, 81% [95% CI, 71–88]; OR = 11.65 [95% CI, 4.14–32.78]; P  &lt; .001) on multivariate analysis. In contrast, all other contemporaneous demographic, clinical, and imaging features available at CTA were not diagnostic for COVID-19. The presence of apical ground-glass opacification was an independent predictor of increased 30-day mortality (18.0% versus 5.7%, P  = .017; hazard ratio = 3.51; 95% CI, 1.42–8.66; P  = .006).

CONCLUSIONS: We identified a simple, reliable, and accurate COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker obtained from CTA lung apices: the presence or absence of ground-glass opacification. Our findings have important implications in the management of patients presenting with suspected stroke through early identification of COVID-19 and the subsequent limitation of disease transmission.

BSTI
:   British Society of Thoracic Imaging
COVID-19
:   coronavirus disease 2019
GGO
:   ground-glass opacification
IRR
:   interrater reliability
RT-PCR
:   reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
SARS-CoV-2
:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node88223--5" data-node-nid="88223" id="top-node-88223--6273141119" data-pisa="ajnr;42/1/138" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A6832" data-apath="/ajnr/42/1/138.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Extracranial Vascular</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Imaging Biomarker in Suspected Acute Stroke</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J. Siddiqui</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">F. Bala</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S. Sciacca</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A.M. Falzon</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M. Benger</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">S.A. Matloob</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">F.N.A.C. Miller</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">R.J. Simister</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">I. Chatterjee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">L.K. Sztriha</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">I. Davagnanam</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">T.C. Booth</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">138-143; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6832 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-88223--6273141119" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Siddiqui </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.S., F.B., T.C.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BSiddiqui%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Siddiqui%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BSiddiqui%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-8339" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Siddiqui</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Bala </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.S., F.B., T.C.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BBala%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bala%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BBala%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-2081" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Bala</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Sciacca </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology (S.S., A.M.F., I.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BSciacca%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sciacca%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BSciacca%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-0392" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Sciacca</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.M. Falzon </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology (S.S., A.M.F., I.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.M.%2BFalzon%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Falzon%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.M.%2BFalzon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-6635" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.M. Falzon</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Benger </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurology (M.B., L.K.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BBenger%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Benger%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BBenger%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-3188" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Benger</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.A. Matloob </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurosurgery (S.A.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.A.%2BMatloob%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Matloob%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.A.%2BMatloob%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-9687" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.A. Matloob</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F.N.A.C. Miller </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Radiology (F.N.A.C.M.), King’s College Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.N.A.C.%2BMiller%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Miller%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.N.A.C.%2BMiller%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-1757" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F.N.A.C. Miller</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.J. Simister </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Comprehensive Stroke Service (R.J.S., I.C.), University College London Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Stroke Research Centre (R.J.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.J.%2BSimister%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Simister%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.J.%2BSimister%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-6711" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.J. Simister</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">I. Chatterjee </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Comprehensive Stroke Service (R.J.S., I.C.), University College London Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=I.%2BChatterjee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chatterjee%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AI.%2BChatterjee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-4821" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for I. Chatterjee</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.K. Sztriha </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurology (M.B., L.K.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.K.%2BSztriha%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sztriha%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.K.%2BSztriha%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-3180" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L.K. Sztriha</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">I. Davagnanam </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology (S.S., A.M.F., I.D.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Brain Repair and Rehabilitation Unit (I.D.), University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=I.%2BDavagnanam%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Davagnanam%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AI.%2BDavagnanam%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-1911" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for I. 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Booth </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neuroradiology (J.S., F.B., T.C.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (T.C.B.), King’s College London, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.C.%2BBooth%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Booth%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.C.%2BBooth%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-3998" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.C. 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Siddiqui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bala</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sciacca</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Falzon</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Benger</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Matloob</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.N.A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Miller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Simister</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chatterjee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sztriha</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Davagnanam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Booth</span></span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Siddiqui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bala</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sciacca</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Falzon</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Benger</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Matloob</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.N.A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Miller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Simister</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chatterjee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sztriha</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Davagnanam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Booth</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">138-143; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6832 </span></div>
  
  
  
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