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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Retinoblastoma: Initial Experience" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2729" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2012-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. 
Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma may exhibit variable hyperintensities on DWI, resulting in different values in the ADC maps, depending on their histology and cellularity. However, EP-based DWI has susceptibility artifacts and image distortions, which make DWI of the orbit a challenging technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) DWI in the evaluation of children with retinoblastoma and to assess the value of ADC maps in differentiating viable and necrotic tumor tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists assessed conventional MR images, DWI, and ADC maps of 17 patients with retinoblastoma ( n = 17 eyes). Non-EP DWI was performed by using a HASTE sequence with b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. ADC values were measured for enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue. ADC maps were compared with histopathologic findings regarding tumor differentiation and viability.

RESULTS: On DWI, vital tumor tissue showed hyperintensity with negligible intensity of surrounding vitreous. The difference in mean (range) ADC values between enhancing (1.03 [0.72–1.22] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) and nonenhancing (1.47 [0.99–1.80] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) parts of retinoblastoma was statistically significant ( P &lt; .0005). Nonenhancing tumor parts showed a significantly lower ADC compared with vitreous (2.67 [2.24–3.20]×10−3 mm2 s−1) ( P &lt; .0005) and subretinal fluid (2.20 [1.76–2.96] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) ( P &lt; .0005). Histopathologically, low ADC values (enhancing tumor part) correlated to viable tumor tissue, whereas intermediate ADC values (nonenhancing tumor parts) correlated to necrotic tumor tissue.

CONCLUSIONS: HASTE DWI allowed adequate characterization of retinoblastoma, and ADC is a helpful tool to differentiate viable and necrotic tumor tissue and might be valuable in monitoring the response to eye-preserving therapies.

EP
:   echo-planar
HASTE
:   half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo
SI
:   signal intensity" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. de Graaf" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.J.W. Pouwels" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Rodjan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.C. Moll" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.M. Imhof" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.L. Knol" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Sanchez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. van der Valk" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.A. Castelijns" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2012-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Head and Neck" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Retinoblastoma: Initial Experience" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Retinoblastoma may exhibit variable hyperintensities on DWI, resulting in different values in the ADC maps, depending on their histology and cellularity. However, EP-based DWI has susceptibility artifacts and image distortions, which make DWI of the orbit a challenging technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) DWI in the evaluation of children with retinoblastoma and to assess the value of ADC maps in differentiating viable and necrotic tumor tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Two radiologists assessed conventional MR images, DWI, and ADC maps of 17 patients with retinoblastoma (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 17 eyes). Non-EP DWI was performed by using a HASTE sequence with b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. ADC values were measured for enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue. ADC maps were compared with histopathologic findings regarding tumor differentiation and viability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On DWI, vital tumor tissue showed hyperintensity with negligible intensity of surrounding vitreous. The difference in mean (range) ADC values between enhancing (1.03 [0.72–1.22] × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and nonenhancing (1.47 [0.99–1.80] × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) parts of retinoblastoma was statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0005). Nonenhancing tumor parts showed a significantly lower ADC compared with vitreous (2.67 [2.24–3.20]×10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0005) and subretinal fluid (2.20 [1.76–2.96] × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0005). Histopathologically, low ADC values (enhancing tumor part) correlated to viable tumor tissue, whereas intermediate ADC values (nonenhancing tumor parts) correlated to necrotic tumor tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HASTE DWI allowed adequate characterization of retinoblastoma, and ADC is a helpful tool to differentiate viable and necrotic tumor tissue and might be valuable in monitoring the response to eye-preserving therapies.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Retinoblastoma: Initial Experience" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma may exhibit variable hyperintensities on DWI, resulting in different values in the ADC maps, depending on their histology and cellularity. However, EP-based DWI has susceptibility artifacts and image distortions, which make DWI of the orbit a challenging technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) DWI in the evaluation of children with retinoblastoma and to assess the value of ADC maps in differentiating viable and necrotic tumor tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists assessed conventional MR images, DWI, and ADC maps of 17 patients with retinoblastoma ( n = 17 eyes). Non-EP DWI was performed by using a HASTE sequence with b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. ADC values were measured for enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue. ADC maps were compared with histopathologic findings regarding tumor differentiation and viability.

RESULTS: On DWI, vital tumor tissue showed hyperintensity with negligible intensity of surrounding vitreous. The difference in mean (range) ADC values between enhancing (1.03 [0.72–1.22] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) and nonenhancing (1.47 [0.99–1.80] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) parts of retinoblastoma was statistically significant ( P &lt; .0005). Nonenhancing tumor parts showed a significantly lower ADC compared with vitreous (2.67 [2.24–3.20]×10−3 mm2 s−1) ( P &lt; .0005) and subretinal fluid (2.20 [1.76–2.96] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) ( P &lt; .0005). Histopathologically, low ADC values (enhancing tumor part) correlated to viable tumor tissue, whereas intermediate ADC values (nonenhancing tumor parts) correlated to necrotic tumor tissue.

CONCLUSIONS: HASTE DWI allowed adequate characterization of retinoblastoma, and ADC is a helpful tool to differentiate viable and necrotic tumor tissue and might be valuable in monitoring the response to eye-preserving therapies.

EP
:   echo-planar
HASTE
:   half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo
SI
:   signal intensity" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Retinoblastoma: Initial Experience" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma may exhibit variable hyperintensities on DWI, resulting in different values in the ADC maps, depending on their histology and cellularity. However, EP-based DWI has susceptibility artifacts and image distortions, which make DWI of the orbit a challenging technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) DWI in the evaluation of children with retinoblastoma and to assess the value of ADC maps in differentiating viable and necrotic tumor tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists assessed conventional MR images, DWI, and ADC maps of 17 patients with retinoblastoma ( n = 17 eyes). Non-EP DWI was performed by using a HASTE sequence with b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. ADC values were measured for enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue. ADC maps were compared with histopathologic findings regarding tumor differentiation and viability.

RESULTS: On DWI, vital tumor tissue showed hyperintensity with negligible intensity of surrounding vitreous. The difference in mean (range) ADC values between enhancing (1.03 [0.72–1.22] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) and nonenhancing (1.47 [0.99–1.80] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) parts of retinoblastoma was statistically significant ( P &lt; .0005). Nonenhancing tumor parts showed a significantly lower ADC compared with vitreous (2.67 [2.24–3.20]×10−3 mm2 s−1) ( P &lt; .0005) and subretinal fluid (2.20 [1.76–2.96] × 10−3 mm2 s−1) ( P &lt; .0005). Histopathologically, low ADC values (enhancing tumor part) correlated to viable tumor tissue, whereas intermediate ADC values (nonenhancing tumor parts) correlated to necrotic tumor tissue.

CONCLUSIONS: HASTE DWI allowed adequate characterization of retinoblastoma, and ADC is a helpful tool to differentiate viable and necrotic tumor tissue and might be valuable in monitoring the response to eye-preserving therapies.

EP
:   echo-planar
HASTE
:   half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo
SI
:   signal intensity" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node11731--5" data-node-nid="11731" id="top-node-11731--6151380176" data-pisa="ajnr;33/1/110" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A2729" data-apath="/ajnr/33/1/110.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Retinoblastoma: Initial Experience</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">P. de Graaf</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">P.J.W. Pouwels</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">F. Rodjan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A.C. Moll</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">S.M. Imhof</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">D.L. Knol</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">E. Sanchez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">P. van der Valk</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">J.A. Castelijns</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2012,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">110-118; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2729 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-11731--6151380176" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. de Graaf </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2Bde%2BGraaf%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=de%20Graaf%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2Bde%2BGraaf%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.J.W. 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<div id="sec-1" class="subsection">
 
<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Retinoblastoma may exhibit variable hyperintensities on DWI, resulting in different values in the ADC maps, depending on their histology and cellularity. However, EP-based DWI has susceptibility artifacts and image distortions, which make DWI of the orbit a challenging technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) DWI in the evaluation of children with retinoblastoma and to assess the value of ADC maps in differentiating viable and necrotic tumor tissue.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Two radiologists assessed conventional MR images, DWI, and ADC maps of 17 patients with retinoblastoma (<em>n</em> = 17 eyes). Non-EP DWI was performed by using a HASTE sequence with b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>. ADC values were measured for enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue. ADC maps were compared with histopathologic findings regarding tumor differentiation and viability.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> On DWI, vital tumor tissue showed hyperintensity with negligible intensity of surrounding vitreous. The difference in mean (range) ADC values between enhancing (1.03 [0.72–1.22] × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and nonenhancing (1.47 [0.99–1.80] × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) parts of retinoblastoma was statistically significant (<em>P</em> &lt; .0005). Nonenhancing tumor parts showed a significantly lower ADC compared with vitreous (2.67 [2.24–3.20]×10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) (<em>P</em> &lt; .0005) and subretinal fluid (2.20 [1.76–2.96] × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) (<em>P</em> &lt; .0005). Histopathologically, low ADC values (enhancing tumor part) correlated to viable tumor tissue, whereas intermediate ADC values (nonenhancing tumor parts) correlated to necrotic tumor tissue.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> HASTE DWI allowed adequate characterization of retinoblastoma, and ADC is a helpful tool to differentiate viable and necrotic tumor tissue and might be valuable in monitoring the response to eye-preserving therapies.</p>
</div></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1">
<h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2> 
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">EP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>echo-planar<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">HASTE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">SI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>signal intensity</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/33/1/110.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 33</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2012 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Retinoblastoma: Initial Experience</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2012, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">110-118; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2729 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2012, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">110-118; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2729 </span></div>
  
  
  
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