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<meta name="DC.Title" content="MR Dacryocystography in the Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Epiphora Treated by Means of Interventional Radiologic Procedures" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2889" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2012-01-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most imaging techniques used for the evaluation of obstructive epiphora, such as DS DCG, rely on undesired ionizing radiation. We evaluated the efficacy of topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG in comparison with DS DCG in patients with obstructive epiphora who underwent balloon DCG or stent placement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six LDSs of 21 patients treated with balloon DCG ( n = 11) or stent placement ( n = 11) were examined with MR DCG and DS DCG. Contralateral LDSs ( n = 14) were also evaluated in patients with unilateral disease. A sterile 0.9% NaCl solution containing 1:100 diluted gadolinium chelate was instilled into conjunctival sacs. The 3D FSPGR sequence was used with a 1.5T scanner. MR and DS DCG findings were scored and compared according to morphology of the lacrimal sac, junction, and NLD and the presence of contrast media in the nasal cavity.

RESULTS: Comparison of MR DCG and DS DCG findings showed no significant statistical differences in reference to anatomic locations according to the McNemar test ( P &gt; .05). Good or very good agreement (κ value &gt; 0.61) was observed according to the κ statistics.

CONCLUSIONS: Topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG is an effective and reliable noninvasive method for evaluation of the LDS in patients treated with IR procedures. This method avoids both cannulation and ionizing radiation and can, therefore, be repeated as often as is necessary in these complex patients.

DCG
:   dacryocystography
DCR
:   dacryocystorhinostomy
DS
:   digital subtraction
FSPGR
:   fast-spoiled gradient-recalled
Gd-DTPA
:   gadolinium-diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid
IR
:   interventional radiology
LDS
:   lacrimal drainage system
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
NaCl
:   sodium chloride
NLD
:   nasolacrimal duct" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Coskun" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Ilgit" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Onal" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="O. Konuk" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Erbas" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2012-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Head and Neck" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="MR Dacryocystography in the Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Epiphora Treated by Means of Interventional Radiologic Procedures" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most imaging techniques used for the evaluation of obstructive epiphora, such as DS DCG, rely on undesired ionizing radiation. We evaluated the efficacy of topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG in comparison with DS DCG in patients with obstructive epiphora who underwent balloon DCG or stent placement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thirty-six LDSs of 21 patients treated with balloon DCG (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11) or stent placement (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11) were examined with MR DCG and DS DCG. Contralateral LDSs (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 14) were also evaluated in patients with unilateral disease. A sterile 0.9% NaCl solution containing 1:100 diluted gadolinium chelate was instilled into conjunctival sacs. The 3D FSPGR sequence was used with a 1.5T scanner. MR and DS DCG findings were scored and compared according to morphology of the lacrimal sac, junction, and NLD and the presence of contrast media in the nasal cavity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comparison of MR DCG and DS DCG findings showed no significant statistical differences in reference to anatomic locations according to the McNemar test (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;gt; .05). Good or very good agreement (κ value &amp;gt; 0.61) was observed according to the κ statistics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG is an effective and reliable noninvasive method for evaluation of the LDS in patients treated with IR procedures. This method avoids both cannulation and ionizing radiation and can, therefore, be repeated as often as is necessary in these complex patients.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="MR Dacryocystography in the Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Epiphora Treated by Means of Interventional Radiologic Procedures" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most imaging techniques used for the evaluation of obstructive epiphora, such as DS DCG, rely on undesired ionizing radiation. We evaluated the efficacy of topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG in comparison with DS DCG in patients with obstructive epiphora who underwent balloon DCG or stent placement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six LDSs of 21 patients treated with balloon DCG ( n = 11) or stent placement ( n = 11) were examined with MR DCG and DS DCG. Contralateral LDSs ( n = 14) were also evaluated in patients with unilateral disease. A sterile 0.9% NaCl solution containing 1:100 diluted gadolinium chelate was instilled into conjunctival sacs. The 3D FSPGR sequence was used with a 1.5T scanner. MR and DS DCG findings were scored and compared according to morphology of the lacrimal sac, junction, and NLD and the presence of contrast media in the nasal cavity.

RESULTS: Comparison of MR DCG and DS DCG findings showed no significant statistical differences in reference to anatomic locations according to the McNemar test ( P &gt; .05). Good or very good agreement (κ value &gt; 0.61) was observed according to the κ statistics.

CONCLUSIONS: Topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG is an effective and reliable noninvasive method for evaluation of the LDS in patients treated with IR procedures. This method avoids both cannulation and ionizing radiation and can, therefore, be repeated as often as is necessary in these complex patients.

DCG
:   dacryocystography
DCR
:   dacryocystorhinostomy
DS
:   digital subtraction
FSPGR
:   fast-spoiled gradient-recalled
Gd-DTPA
:   gadolinium-diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid
IR
:   interventional radiology
LDS
:   lacrimal drainage system
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
NaCl
:   sodium chloride
NLD
:   nasolacrimal duct" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="MR Dacryocystography in the Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Epiphora Treated by Means of Interventional Radiologic Procedures" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/33/1/141" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most imaging techniques used for the evaluation of obstructive epiphora, such as DS DCG, rely on undesired ionizing radiation. We evaluated the efficacy of topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG in comparison with DS DCG in patients with obstructive epiphora who underwent balloon DCG or stent placement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six LDSs of 21 patients treated with balloon DCG ( n = 11) or stent placement ( n = 11) were examined with MR DCG and DS DCG. Contralateral LDSs ( n = 14) were also evaluated in patients with unilateral disease. A sterile 0.9% NaCl solution containing 1:100 diluted gadolinium chelate was instilled into conjunctival sacs. The 3D FSPGR sequence was used with a 1.5T scanner. MR and DS DCG findings were scored and compared according to morphology of the lacrimal sac, junction, and NLD and the presence of contrast media in the nasal cavity.

RESULTS: Comparison of MR DCG and DS DCG findings showed no significant statistical differences in reference to anatomic locations according to the McNemar test ( P &gt; .05). Good or very good agreement (κ value &gt; 0.61) was observed according to the κ statistics.

CONCLUSIONS: Topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG is an effective and reliable noninvasive method for evaluation of the LDS in patients treated with IR procedures. This method avoids both cannulation and ionizing radiation and can, therefore, be repeated as often as is necessary in these complex patients.

DCG
:   dacryocystography
DCR
:   dacryocystorhinostomy
DS
:   digital subtraction
FSPGR
:   fast-spoiled gradient-recalled
Gd-DTPA
:   gadolinium-diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid
IR
:   interventional radiology
LDS
:   lacrimal drainage system
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
NaCl
:   sodium chloride
NLD
:   nasolacrimal duct" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">MR Dacryocystography in the Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Epiphora Treated by Means of Interventional Radiologic Procedures</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">B. Coskun</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">E. Ilgit</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">B. Onal</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">O. Konuk</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">G. Erbas</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2012,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">141-147; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2889 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Most imaging techniques used for the evaluation of obstructive epiphora, such as DS DCG, rely on undesired ionizing radiation. We evaluated the efficacy of topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG in comparison with DS DCG in patients with obstructive epiphora who underwent balloon DCG or stent placement.</p>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Thirty-six LDSs of 21 patients treated with balloon DCG (<em>n</em> = 11) or stent placement (<em>n</em> = 11) were examined with MR DCG and DS DCG. Contralateral LDSs (<em>n</em> = 14) were also evaluated in patients with unilateral disease. A sterile 0.9% NaCl solution containing 1:100 diluted gadolinium chelate was instilled into conjunctival sacs. The 3D FSPGR sequence was used with a 1.5T scanner. MR and DS DCG findings were scored and compared according to morphology of the lacrimal sac, junction, and NLD and the presence of contrast media in the nasal cavity.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Comparison of MR DCG and DS DCG findings showed no significant statistical differences in reference to anatomic locations according to the McNemar test (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). Good or very good agreement (κ value &gt; 0.61) was observed according to the κ statistics.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Topical contrast-enhanced MR DCG is an effective and reliable noninvasive method for evaluation of the LDS in patients treated with IR procedures. This method avoids both cannulation and ionizing radiation and can, therefore, be repeated as often as is necessary in these complex patients.</p>
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<h2>Abbreviations</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">DCG<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>dacryocystography<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">DCR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>dacryocystorhinostomy<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">DS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>digital subtraction<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">FSPGR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fast-spoiled gradient-recalled<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">Gd-DTPA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>gadolinium-diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">IR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>interventional radiology<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">LDS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>lacrimal drainage system<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">MIP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>maximum intensity projection<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">NaCl<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>sodium chloride<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">NLD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>nasolacrimal duct</dd></dl></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/33/1/141.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 33</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2012 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">MR Dacryocystography in the Evaluation of Patients with Obstructive Epiphora Treated by Means of Interventional Radiologic Procedures</div>  
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