1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [6f6bef20-3dd1-41b3-8134-2506120b1a81] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 6f6bef20-3dd1-41b3-8134-2506120b1a81
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [3de92822-9872-4cd7-bf14-15cf269ef100] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 3de92822-9872-4cd7-bf14-15cf269ef100
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [7b21eb9f-1ee1-446f-b295-8e335f2dd622] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 7b21eb9f-1ee1-446f-b295-8e335f2dd622
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [85d7a816-77fd-478a-8ef1-986ba63f25b6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 85d7a816-77fd-478a-8ef1-986ba63f25b6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [d15cb2c4-bf31-4f2f-ba33-8e4531425e24] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => d15cb2c4-bf31-4f2f-ba33-8e4531425e24
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [f04d7540-cf8f-4df7-919f-53c74422e116] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => f04d7540-cf8f-4df7-919f-53c74422e116
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [d15cb2c4-bf31-4f2f-ba33-8e4531425e24] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => d15cb2c4-bf31-4f2f-ba33-8e4531425e24
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [f04d7540-cf8f-4df7-919f-53c74422e116] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => f04d7540-cf8f-4df7-919f-53c74422e116
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => e5e140b7-fc6b-4f2a-8424-22f6816491ee
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 82d79cdc-abaf-48cb-8260-ae1b78f035b1
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [bb4be3fe-d77c-4707-b378-bfa6b1fa62ed] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => bb4be3fe-d77c-4707-b378-bfa6b1fa62ed
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [df4c2ec1-9730-41f1-a8f4-b05c5094dba5] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => df4c2ec1-9730-41f1-a8f4-b05c5094dba5
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;f0406f1319f3c333fd00a20471ede0656eb06b61
                )

        )

)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" 
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" >
    <!--[if IE]><![endif]-->
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google.com" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="/node/111926" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<meta name="type" content="article" />
<meta name="category" content="other" />
<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.atom" />
<meta name="HW.pisa" content="ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1" />
<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A8405" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2024-11-21" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2025 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a versatile, MR-guided, incisionless intervention with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is currently FDA-approved as a thermoablative treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson disease. However, other applications of FUS including BBB opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation are all in clinical trials. While FUS targeting for essential tremor and Parkinson disease has classically relied on an indirect, landmark-based approach, development of novel, advanced MR imaging techniques such as DTI tractography and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery has the potential to improve individualized targeting and thus potentially enhance treatment response, decrease treatment times, and avoid adverse effects. As the technology advances and the number of clinical applications increases, the role of the neuroradiologist on a multidisciplinary team will be essential in pairing advanced structural and functional imaging to further this image-guided procedure via a precision medicine approach. This multi-institutional report, written by an experienced team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, summarizes current practices, the use of advanced imaging techniques for transcranial MR-guided high-intensity FUS, recommendations for clinical implementation, and emerging clinical indications.

AC
:   anterior commissure
DBS
:   deep brain stimulation
dDRTT
:   decussating dentatorubrothalamic tract
ET
:   essential tremor
FGATIR
:   fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery
FUS
:   focused ultrasound
HIFU
:   high-intensity focused ultrasound
LIFU
:   low-intensity focused ultrasound
ML
:   medial lemniscus
MRgFUS
:   MR-guided focused ultrasound
MRgHIFU
:   MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
ndDRTT
:   nondecussating dentatorubrothalamic tract
PC
:   posterior commissure
PD
:   Parkinson disease
SDR
:   skull density ratio
VIM
:   ventral intermediate nucleus" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Bhavya R. Shah" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jody Tanabe" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="John E. Jordan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Drew Kern" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Stephen C. Harward" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Fabricio S. Feltrin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Padraig O’Suilliebhain" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Vibhash D. Sharma" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Joseph A. Maldjian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Alexandre Boutet" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Raghav Mattay" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Leo P. Sugrue" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kazim Narsinh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Steven Hetts" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Lubdha M. Shah" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jason Druzgal" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Vance T. Lehman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kendall Lee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Shekhar Khanpara" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Shivanand Lad" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Timothy J. Kaufmann" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-11-21" />
<meta name="article:section" content="STATE OF PRACTICE" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;SUMMARY:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a versatile, MR-guided, incisionless intervention with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is currently FDA-approved as a thermoablative treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson disease. However, other applications of FUS including BBB opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation are all in clinical trials. While FUS targeting for essential tremor and Parkinson disease has classically relied on an indirect, landmark-based approach, development of novel, advanced MR imaging techniques such as DTI tractography and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery has the potential to improve individualized targeting and thus potentially enhance treatment response, decrease treatment times, and avoid adverse effects. As the technology advances and the number of clinical applications increases, the role of the neuroradiologist on a multidisciplinary team will be essential in pairing advanced structural and functional imaging to further this image-guided procedure via a precision medicine approach. This multi-institutional report, written by an experienced team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, summarizes current practices, the use of advanced imaging techniques for transcranial MR-guided high-intensity FUS, recommendations for clinical implementation, and emerging clinical indications.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/11/21" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1" />
<meta name="citation_id" content="ajnr.A8405v1" />
<meta name="citation_public_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" />
<meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.abstract" />
<meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full" />
<meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full.pdf" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A8405" />
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="39572202" />
<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Other" />
<meta name="citation_section" content="STATE OF PRACTICE" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Bhavya R. Shah" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Laboratory (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bNeuroradiology and Neurointervention Section (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (B.R.S., F.S.F., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dDepartment of Neurological Surgery (B.R.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-6174" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Jody Tanabe" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eAmerican Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="fDepartment of Neuroradiology (J.T., J.E.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-8444" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="John E. Jordan" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eAmerican Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="gProvidence Little Company of Mary Medical Center (J.E.J.), Torrance, Colorado" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="fDepartment of Neuroradiology (J.T., J.E.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-7538" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Drew Kern" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="iDepartments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-3787" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Stephen C. Harward" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="jDepartment of Neurosurgery (S.C.H., S.L.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Fabricio S. Feltrin" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Laboratory (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bNeuroradiology and Neurointervention Section (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (B.R.S., F.S.F., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-7655" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Padraig O’Suilliebhain" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="kDepartment of Neurology (P.O., V.D.S.), Movement Disorder Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Vibhash D. Sharma" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="kDepartment of Neurology (P.O., V.D.S.), Movement Disorder Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Joseph A. Maldjian" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (B.R.S., F.S.F., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6384-1072" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Alexandre Boutet" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="lDepartment of Neuroradiology (A.B.), University of Toronto Medical Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-5195" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Raghav Mattay" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="mDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-9503" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Leo P. Sugrue" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="mDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-4519" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Kazim Narsinh" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="mDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-5461" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Steven Hetts" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eAmerican Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="hAmerican College of Radiology Commission on Neuroradiology (S.H., L.M.S.), Reston, Virginia" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="mDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-7259" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Lubdha M. Shah" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eAmerican Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="hAmerican College of Radiology Commission on Neuroradiology (S.H., L.M.S.), Reston, Virginia" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="nDepartment of Radiology (L.M.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-3533" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Jason Druzgal" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="oDepartment of Radiology (J.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-9487" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Vance T. Lehman" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="pDepartment of Radiology (V.T.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-8293" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Kendall Lee" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="qDepartment of Neurosurgery (K.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Shekhar Khanpara" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="rDepartment of Neuroradiology (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-196X" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Shivanand Lad" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="jDepartment of Neurosurgery (S.C.H., S.L.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Timothy J. Kaufmann" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="qDepartment of Neurosurgery (K.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="pDepartment of Radiology (V.T.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-1569" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Lancet Neurol;citation_author=N. Lipsman;citation_author=ML. Schwartz;citation_author=Y. Huang;citation_title=MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study;citation_pages=462-68;citation_volume=12;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23523144;citation_doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70048-6" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry;citation_author=WS. Chang;citation_author=HH. Jung;citation_author=EJ. Kweon;citation_title=Unilateral magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: practices and clinicoradiological outcomes;citation_volume=86;citation_year=2015;citation_pmid=24876191;citation_doi=10.1136/jnnp-2014-307642" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med;citation_author=WJ. Elias;citation_author=N. Lipsman;citation_author=WG. Ondo;citation_title=A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor;citation_pages=730-39;citation_volume=375;citation_year=2016;citation_pmid=27557301;citation_doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1600159" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Ther Ultrasound;citation_author=C. Bing;citation_author=M. Ladouceur-Wodzak;citation_author=CR. Wanner;citation_title=Trans-cranial opening of the blood-brain barrier in targeted regions using a stereotaxic brain atlas and focused ultrasound energy;citation_pages=13;citation_volume=2;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=25232482;citation_doi=10.1186/2050-5736-2-13" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Sci Rep;citation_author=C. Bing;citation_author=Y. Hong;citation_author=C. Hernandez;citation_title=Characterization of different bubble formulations for blood-brain barrier opening using a focused ultrasound system with acoustic feedback control;citation_pages=7986;citation_volume=8;citation_year=2018;citation_pmid=29789589;citation_doi=10.1038/s41598-018-26330-7" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ultrasound Med Biol;citation_author=B. Cheng;citation_author=C. Bing;citation_author=Y. Xi;citation_title=Influence of nanobubble concentration on blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound under real-time acoustic feedback control;citation_pages=2174-87;citation_volume=45;citation_year=2019;citation_pmid=31072657;citation_doi=10.1016/J.ULTRASMEDBIO.2019.03.016" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Sci Rep;citation_author=NA. Lapin;citation_author=K. Gill;citation_author=BR. Shah;citation_title=Consistent opening of the blood brain barrier using focused ultrasound with constant intravenous infusion of microbubble agent;citation_pages=16546;citation_volume=10;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=33024157;citation_doi=10.1038/s41598-020-73312-9" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=bioRxiv;citation_author=BR. Shah;citation_author=RM. Bailey;citation_author=I. Youssef;citation_title=Nitrous oxide enhances focused ultrasound mediated delivery of viral gene therapy;citation_year=2021;citation_doi=10.1101/2021.07.11.451978" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=ACS Chem Neurosci;citation_author=EP. Hackett;citation_author=BR. Shah;citation_author=B. Cheng;citation_title=Probing cerebral metabolism with hyperpolarized 13C imaging after opening the blood-brain barrier with focused ultrasound;citation_pages=2820-28;citation_volume=12;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=34291630;citation_doi=10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00197" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ultrasound in medicine &amp; biology;citation_journal_abbrev=Ultrasound Med Biol;citation_author=B. Baseri;citation_author=JJ. Choi;citation_author=YS. Tung;citation_title=Multi-modality safety assessment of blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound and definity microbubbles: a short-term study.;citation_pages=1445-1459;citation_volume=36;citation_year=2010;citation_issue=9;citation_pmid=20800172;citation_doi=10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.06.005" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_author=A. Burgess;citation_author=S. Dubey;citation_author=S. Yeung;citation_title=Alzheimer disease in a mouse model: MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound targeted to the hippocampus opens the blood-brain barrier and improves pathologic abnormalities and behavior;citation_pages=736-45;citation_volume=273;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=25222068;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.14140245" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Nat Commun;citation_author=CF. Cho;citation_author=JM. Wolfe;citation_author=CM. Fadzen;citation_title=Blood-brain-barrier spheroids as an in vitro screening platform for brain-penetrating agents;citation_pages=15623;citation_volume=8;citation_year=2017;citation_pmid=28585535;citation_doi=10.1038/ncomms15623" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America;citation_journal_abbrev=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America;citation_author=YS. Tung;citation_author=F. Vlachos;citation_author=JA. Feshitan;citation_title=The mechanism of interaction between focused ultrasound and microbubbles in blood-brain barrier opening in mice.;citation_pages=3059-3067;citation_volume=130;citation_year=2011;citation_issue=5;citation_pmid=22087933;citation_doi=10.1121/1.3646905" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mov Disord Off Disord;citation_author=ED. Louis;citation_author=JJ. Ferreira;citation_title=How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor;citation_pages=534-41;citation_volume=25;citation_year=2010;citation_pmid=20175185;citation_doi=10.1002/mds.22838" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med;citation_author=D. Haubenberger;citation_author=M. Hallett;citation_title=Essential tremor;citation_pages=1802-10;citation_volume=378;citation_year=2018;citation_pmid=29742376;citation_doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1707928" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Brain J Brain;citation_author=BR. Shah;citation_author=VT. Lehman;citation_author=TJ. Kaufmann;citation_title=Advanced MRI techniques for transcranial high intensity focused ultrasound targeting;citation_pages=2664-72;citation_volume=143;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=32537631;citation_doi=10.1093/brain/awaa107" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurg Focus;citation_author=VT. Lehman;citation_author=KH. Lee;citation_author=BT. Klassen;citation_title=MRI and tractography techniques to localize the ventral intermediate nucleus and dentatorubrothalamic tract for deep brain stimulation and MR-guided focused ultrasound: a narrative review and update;citation_pages=E8;citation_volume=49;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=33002861;citation_doi=10.3171/2020.4.FOCUS20170" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Brain Commun;citation_author=FS. Feltrin;citation_author=R. Chopra;citation_author=N. Pouratian;citation_title=Four-tract tractography for magnetic resonance guided high intensity focused ultrasound targeting;citation_pages=273fcac;citation_volume=4;citation_year=2022;citation_doi=10.1093/braincomms/fcac273" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Brain Commun;citation_author=JM. Holcomb;citation_author=R. Chopra;citation_author=FS. Feltrin;citation_title=Improving tremor response to focused ultrasound thalamotomy;citation_pages=fcad165;citation_volume=5;citation_year=2023;citation_pmid=37533544;citation_doi=10.1093/braincomms/fcad165" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurgery;citation_author=V. Krishna;citation_author=F. Sammartino;citation_author=P. Agrawal;citation_title=Prospective tractography-based targeting for improved safety of focused ultrasound thalamotomy;citation_pages=160-68;citation_volume=84;citation_year=2019;citation_pmid=29579287;citation_doi=10.1093/neuros/nyy020" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Eur Radiol;citation_author=C. Pérez-García;citation_author=A. López-Frías;citation_author=J. Arrazola;citation_title=Four-tract probabilistic tractography technique for target selection in essential tremor treatment with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound;citation_pages=5156;citation_volume=34;citation_year=2024;citation_pmid=37950079;citation_doi=10.1007/s00330-023-10431-7" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=NPJ Parkinsons Dis;citation_author=on behalf of the Parkinson’s Foundation P4 Group;citation_title=Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease across North America;citation_pages=21;citation_volume=4;citation_year=2018;citation_pmid=30003140;citation_doi=10.1038/s41531-018-0058-0" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Brain;citation_author=C. Blauwendraat;citation_author=X. Reed;citation_author=L. Krohn;citation_title=Genetic modifiers of risk and age at onset in GBA-associated Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia;citation_pages=234-48;citation_volume=143;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=31755958;citation_doi=10.1093/brain/awz350" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurology;citation_author=NSTAPS Study Group;citation_title=GPi vs STN deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: three-year follow-up;citation_pages=755-61;citation_volume=86;citation_year=2016;citation_pmid=26819458;citation_doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000002401" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Lancet Neurol;citation_author=VJJ. Odekerken;citation_author=T. van Laar;citation_author=MJ. Staal;citation_title=Subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus bilateral deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson’s disease (NSTAPS study): a randomised controlled trial;citation_pages=37-44;citation_volume=12;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23168021;citation_doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70264-8" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Parkinsons Dis;citation_author=S. Mirza;citation_author=U. Yazdani;citation_author=R. Dewey;citation_title=Comparison of globus pallidus interna and subthalamic nucleus in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: an institutional experience and review;citation_pages=3410820;citation_volume=2017;citation_year=2017;citation_pmid=28706748;citation_doi=10.1155/2017/3410820" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med;citation_author=R. Martínez-Fernández;citation_author=JU. Máñez-Miró;citation_author=R. Rodríguez-Rojas;citation_title=Randomized trial of focused ultrasound subthalamotomy for Parkinson’s disease;citation_pages=2501-13;citation_volume=383;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=33369354;citation_doi=10.1056/nejmoa2016311" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=World Neurosurg;citation_author=S. Horisawa;citation_author=M. Nanke;citation_author=T. Kawamata;citation_title=Pallidothalamic tractotomy for Parkinson disease with 1-year follow-up: a case report;citation_pages=193-95;citation_volume=121;citation_year=2019;citation_pmid=30336294;citation_doi=10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.055" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Front Neurol;citation_author=MN. Gallay;citation_author=D. Moser;citation_author=AE. Magara;citation_title=Bilateral MR-guided focused ultrasound pallidothalamic tractotomy for Parkinson’s disease with 1-year follow-up;citation_pages=601153;citation_volume=12;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=33633664;citation_doi=10.3389/fneur.2021.601153" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry;citation_author=M. Giordano;citation_author=VM. Caccavella;citation_author=I. Zaed;citation_title=Comparison between deep brain stimulation and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review and pooled analysis of functional outcomes;citation_volume=91;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=33055140;citation_doi=10.1136/jnnp-2020-323216" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mov Disord Off Disord;citation_author=C. Iorio-Morin;citation_author=K. Yamamoto;citation_author=C. Sarica;citation_title=Bilateral Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor (BEST-FUS Phase 2 Trial);citation_volume=36;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=34288097;citation_doi=10.1002/mds.28716" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurosurg Sci;citation_author=GR. Giammalva;citation_author=R. Maugeri;citation_author=GE. Umana;citation_title=DBS, tcMRgFUS, and gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review on techniques, indications, and current applications;citation_pages=476-84;citation_volume=66;citation_year=2022;citation_pmid=35301835;citation_doi=10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05524-2" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=New Engl J Med;citation_author=WJ. Elias;citation_author=D. Huss;citation_author=T. Voss;citation_title=A pilot study of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor;citation_pages=640-48;citation_volume=369;citation_year=2018;citation_pmid=23944301;citation_doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1300962" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Magn Reson Imaging;citation_author=ISMRM Safety Committee;citation_title=Recommendations for imaging patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs);citation_pages=1311-17;citation_volume=53;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=32808391;citation_doi=10.1002/jmri.27320" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Stereotact Funct Neurosurg;citation_author=RM. Caston;citation_author=JM. Campbell;citation_author=S. Rahimpour;citation_title=Hemorrhagic safety of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor without interruption of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy;citation_pages=314-18;citation_volume=101;citation_year=2023;citation_pmid=37690446;citation_doi=10.1159/000533590" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurosurg;citation_author=J. Yuen;citation_author=A. Goyal;citation_author=TJ. Kaufmann;citation_title=Comparison of the impact of skull density ratio with alternative skull metrics on magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor;citation_pages=50-57;citation_volume=138;citation_year=2023;citation_pmid=35901729;citation_doi=10.3171/2022.5.JNS22350" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y);citation_author=LM. Jackson;citation_author=TJ. Kaufmann;citation_author=VT. Lehman;citation_title=Clinical characteristics of patients with gait instability after MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy;citation_pages=41;citation_volume=11;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=34721943;citation_doi=10.5334/tohm.643" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=M. Wintermark;citation_author=J. Druzgal;citation_author=DS. Huss;citation_title=Imaging findings in MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment for patients with essential tremor;citation_volume=35;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=24371027;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A3808" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mov Disord Off Disord;citation_author=VK. Ravikumar;citation_author=JJ. Parker;citation_author=TS. Hornbeck;citation_title=Cost-effectiveness of focused ultrasound, radiosurgery, and DBS for essential tremor;citation_pages=1165-73;citation_volume=32;citation_year=2017;citation_pmid=28370272;citation_doi=10.1002/mds.26997" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Nat Commun;citation_author=N. Lipsman;citation_author=Y. Meng;citation_author=AJ. Bethune;citation_title=Blood-brain barrier opening in Alzheimer’s disease using MR-guided focused ultrasound;citation_pages=2336;citation_volume=9;citation_year=2018;citation_pmid=30046032;citation_doi=10.1038/s41467-018-04529-6" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neuro Oncol;citation_author=I. Lavon;citation_author=M. Refael;citation_author=B. Zelikovitch;citation_title=Serum DNA can define tumor-specific genetic and epigenetic markers in gliomas of various grades;citation_volume=12;citation_year=2010;citation_pmid=20150384;citation_doi=10.1093/neuonc/nop041" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Alzheimer’s FUS Clinical Trial" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Theranostics;citation_author=CP. Pacia;citation_author=J. Yuan;citation_author=Y. Yue;citation_title=Sonobiopsy for minimally invasive, spatiotemporally-controlled, and sensitive detection of glioblastoma-derived circulating tumor DNA;citation_pages=362-78;citation_volume=12;citation_year=2022;citation_pmid=34987650;citation_doi=10.7150/thno.65597" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys;citation_author=HJ. Wei;citation_author=PS. Upadhyayula;citation_author=AN. Pouliopoulos;citation_title=Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening increases delivery and efficacy of etoposide for glioblastoma treatment;citation_pages=539-50;citation_volume=110;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=33346092;citation_doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.12.019" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=The lancet oncology;citation_journal_abbrev=Lancet Oncol;citation_author=National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group;citation_title=Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial.;citation_pages=459-466;citation_volume=10;citation_year=2009;citation_issue=5;citation_pmid=19269895;citation_doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=PLoS One;citation_author=HL. Liu;citation_author=CY. Huang;citation_author=JY. Chen;citation_title=Pharmacodynamic and therapeutic investigation of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for enhanced temozolomide delivery in glioma treatment;citation_pages=e114311;citation_volume=9;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=25490097;citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0114311" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Biol Psychiatry;citation_author=JJ. Mahoney;citation_author=DG. Thompson-Lake;citation_author=M. Ranjan;citation_title=Low-intensity focused ultrasound targeting the bilateral nucleus accumbens as a potential treatment for substance use disorder: a first-in-human report;citation_pages=e41-43;citation_volume=94;citation_year=2023;citation_pmid=37610405;citation_doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.031" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Parkinsonism Relat Disord;citation_author=SY. Chiu;citation_author=K. Nozile-Firth;citation_author=BT. Klassen;citation_title=Ataxia and tolerance after thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor;citation_pages=47-53;citation_volume=80;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=32950784;citation_doi=10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.009" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a versatile, MR-guided, incisionless intervention with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is currently FDA-approved as a thermoablative treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson disease. However, other applications of FUS including BBB opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation are all in clinical trials. While FUS targeting for essential tremor and Parkinson disease has classically relied on an indirect, landmark-based approach, development of novel, advanced MR imaging techniques such as DTI tractography and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery has the potential to improve individualized targeting and thus potentially enhance treatment response, decrease treatment times, and avoid adverse effects. As the technology advances and the number of clinical applications increases, the role of the neuroradiologist on a multidisciplinary team will be essential in pairing advanced structural and functional imaging to further this image-guided procedure via a precision medicine approach. This multi-institutional report, written by an experienced team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, summarizes current practices, the use of advanced imaging techniques for transcranial MR-guided high-intensity FUS, recommendations for clinical implementation, and emerging clinical indications.

AC
:   anterior commissure
DBS
:   deep brain stimulation
dDRTT
:   decussating dentatorubrothalamic tract
ET
:   essential tremor
FGATIR
:   fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery
FUS
:   focused ultrasound
HIFU
:   high-intensity focused ultrasound
LIFU
:   low-intensity focused ultrasound
ML
:   medial lemniscus
MRgFUS
:   MR-guided focused ultrasound
MRgHIFU
:   MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
ndDRTT
:   nondecussating dentatorubrothalamic tract
PC
:   posterior commissure
PD
:   Parkinson disease
SDR
:   skull density ratio
VIM
:   ventral intermediate nucleus" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a versatile, MR-guided, incisionless intervention with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is currently FDA-approved as a thermoablative treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson disease. However, other applications of FUS including BBB opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation are all in clinical trials. While FUS targeting for essential tremor and Parkinson disease has classically relied on an indirect, landmark-based approach, development of novel, advanced MR imaging techniques such as DTI tractography and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery has the potential to improve individualized targeting and thus potentially enhance treatment response, decrease treatment times, and avoid adverse effects. As the technology advances and the number of clinical applications increases, the role of the neuroradiologist on a multidisciplinary team will be essential in pairing advanced structural and functional imaging to further this image-guided procedure via a precision medicine approach. This multi-institutional report, written by an experienced team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, summarizes current practices, the use of advanced imaging techniques for transcranial MR-guided high-intensity FUS, recommendations for clinical implementation, and emerging clinical indications.

AC
:   anterior commissure
DBS
:   deep brain stimulation
dDRTT
:   decussating dentatorubrothalamic tract
ET
:   essential tremor
FGATIR
:   fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery
FUS
:   focused ultrasound
HIFU
:   high-intensity focused ultrasound
LIFU
:   low-intensity focused ultrasound
ML
:   medial lemniscus
MRgFUS
:   MR-guided focused ultrasound
MRgHIFU
:   MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
ndDRTT
:   nondecussating dentatorubrothalamic tract
PC
:   posterior commissure
PD
:   Parkinson disease
SDR
:   skull density ratio
VIM
:   ventral intermediate nucleus" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" title="Powerpoint" href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.ppt" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Full Text (Plain)" href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full.txt" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full.pdf" />
<link rel="canonical" href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" />
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup","hwUrl":"http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405","hwPath":"/node/111926","hwType":"journal page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","hwHasFullTextAccess":"no","hwEntitled":"no"},"content":{"hwIssueDate":"2024-11-21","hwIssueDateTime":"2024-11-21 00:00:00","hwPublicationDate":"2024-11-21","hwPublicationDateTime":"2024-11-21 08:46:14","hwNlmArticleType":"other","hwDOI":"10.3174/ajnr.A8405","hwAuthors":"Bhavya R. Shah,Jody Tanabe,John E. Jordan,Drew Kern,Stephen C. Harward,Fabricio S. Feltrin,Padraig O\u2019Suilliebhain,Vibhash D. Sharma,Joseph A. Maldjian,Alexandre Boutet,Raghav Mattay,Leo P. Sugrue,Kazim Narsinh,Steven Hetts,Lubdha M. Shah,Jason Druzgal,Vance T. Lehman,Kendall Lee,Shekhar Khanpara,Shivanand Lad,Timothy J. Kaufmann","hwContributors":"","hwIsEarlyRelease":"yes","hwEissn":"1936-959X","hwPissn":"0195-6108","hwVolume":"","hwIssue":"","hwArticleType":"STATE OF PRACTICE","hwTabView":"main_tab","hwViewType":"","hwAccessType":"Paywall","hwOpenAccess":"no","hwFreeAccess":"no","hwTaxonomy":"","hwCorpusCode":"ajnr","hwType":"article","hwSubtitle":null,"hwOverline":null,"hwPisaId":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1","hwFirstPage":null,"hwLastPage":null,"hwIsLatestVersion":"yes","hwIsCurrentIssue":"no","hwIsOpenIssue":"no","hwHasFullText":"yes","hwHasPDF":"yes","hwParentTitle":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","hwElectronicPubDate":"2024-11-21","hwElectronicPubDateTime":"2024-11-21 08:46:14"}});
//--><!]]></script>
    <title>State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup | American Journal of Neuroradiology</title>  
    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__BJ6Ou6QsBRtnFTmxaakamOIS8n4QswDP2XnnZ1sxtaM__NBuvkP6eInGIkb1aJvUHx5PX79XApuxBDkk_77W5tYk__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__azeXjFYQUa4gTbdEg4sgM2osudOlAYwVv6vNmRXI3ac__zr83wx5lNxUVx-jSIFm8RDKOeMAB7RbaBxriFHS3dt4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Ep75tNOnm8H2Mejav16FnGCfM1sLwyporbQrCIgwg3g__vXGjszfa0bvxzymQ8Cfns-o2huFvm80jp3igN8XcYeI__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__TKi6DXKzgLPdEthh1Tnc63zY1QF4rLZHoM06Xy7VN6g__zaEHphFiBcrl8WVy_4n080y02dQ7HKxd_aqZbYgQ5Z0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/highwire.style.highwire.css?sycxuq" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__368m7sVtRu23rjqTxGZiVyTf_Vgj9GfVKn_6XVu-Ktw__awmYo-4mw13F7nmNUNtBYLumKanDZb8salegB2jkN90__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__hdrV1jPSgxW0fPsRrK3sQAuhpElWcUo2f4JtkNIdb-Y__EwYsXwfG_cT9y3A9Cx4FsJxJRuF38Um_dApnuovtq68__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<style type="text/css" media="all">
/* <![CDATA[ */
#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom,#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{background:#000000;}#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper{background:transparent}#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h1,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h2,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h3,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text p,.eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{color:#ffffff !important;}.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{border-color:#ffffff;}.eu-cookie-compliance-more-button{color:#ffffff !important;}

/* ]]> */
</style>

<!--[if lte IE 7]>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__ElJr3PIJEvw3qLXc1cnYiLj2G4KgDPSXFOfm6Phf8hw__JdWGm15cDWjsK6KrFlQVXQix9YgNeYysf22XZHj-Y-c__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<![endif]-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Wnlyen9qEpwh_Qaf9okEu4QdVGM0BDothxeqA6Nbvo8__EJmw6SZD9bYoS8jocCpPYS3JFRURpdzmuvJoAUNiI-g__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__nv7Hafs9UucfV8bmT4epWF4zWAFU2G9JLHVgOOHDqbA__k9QUw6MohZGXV0YlzqvUpPTbyzhbizsKOi4x3aA7Tx0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />

<!--[if (lt IE 9)&(!IEMobile)]>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__XH6bpcI0f2dImc-p674DLCZtWBGb-QwxJK1YexVGtno__vUceGprdo5nIhV6DH93X7fI3r8RcTJbChbas9TQXeW4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<![endif]-->

<!--[if gte IE 9]><!-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<!--<![endif]-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__wxg7u6KrkAKrph8zjmzjNAiqxtVP2vhMWX2NZ6DPPZE__ECvRNuvDf2Tm_Pc-j1mEkt48QjmIz2s2CyWDspWAhhI__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
    <script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
/*!
 * yepnope1.5.4
 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2
 */
(function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document);

//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/all/libraries/modernizr/modernizr.min.js?sycxuq"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
yepnope({
  test: Modernizr.matchmedia,
  nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js'
});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wH8myWXKi4A-QKdUKDXzJAnGs-FRS1A2ZzTTNzjRAdI__4MCtOZK_Ov0QKyRlXNLGQ2LRlYRGWj9ArT-NpFox3QA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var googletag = googletag || {};
googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
googletag.slots = googletag.slots || {};
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__9ici6QMeDS-cROq8R0RhuICsMGMP2wcJZNQQFsqQi44__kScSwG4RXGl1LXnj4qqt0ZxtNX4Gh2TK5W-o8Uup4SA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__fwhbnUWIxW-jFl55E2mBYVtZTjGhJ1JWyZYAJ2cEd3A__jCrCuWCJIPYPe1FzZoUvsJWEjkNMmRIQHYek1h7idBE__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
googletag.slots["rhs"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/RHS_300x250", [300, 250], "dfp-ad-rhs")
  .addService(googletag.pubads());
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__UR8BHznwml64Vq0ijSGFwlm-xe9ttj1aripHInFCOLw__irCalsu-H_fRTOPqjyCv1O8Ax7fqY6DDf-uMOV1dvGY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
  .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90])
  .addSize([0, 0], [300, 50])
  .build();
googletag.slots["bottom_leaderboard"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/Bottom_Banner_728x90", [[728, 90], [300, 50]], "dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard")
  .addService(googletag.pubads())
  .defineSizeMapping(mapping);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bQc6kyz_Gw2afC1F6wguCBh8Z8nev-hxX6F2Tw4bq6k__CO2faEsYCquY82rVj6as9HScSnogGHeR-oh5fSQydG0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
  .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90])
  .addSize([0, 0], [300, 50])
  .build();
googletag.slots["top_leaderboard"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/Top_Leaderboard_728x90", [[728, 90], [300, 50]], "dfp-ad-top_leaderboard")
  .addService(googletag.pubads())
  .defineSizeMapping(mapping);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wS6WUeF11NLeJgCqxc-dMvjhALAMQG1jlaeWdG8yVZc__CPiombDS21ooaYdmqHXdcMoJwB2FMn18JzO97LewQxc__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
document.createElement( "picture" );
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__UK1ygaa8bCfT-jsjqYRdRLDZ5N17950T7K5WPC9XtpI__NqLYT1T1SMBsKukLWIe82VgCZYYCMHZX_f609-a1rj8__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
  googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering();
  googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
  googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();
  googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", function (event) {
    if (event.isEmpty) {
      var id = event.slot.getSlotElementId();
      var x = document.getElementById(id);
      if (x.parentElement.classList.contains("dfp-tag-wrapper")) {
        x.parentElement.style.display = "none";
      }
    }
  });
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwTitle", "State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwUrl", "http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwPath", "/node/111926");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwType", "journal page");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwAccessUsageTerms", "guest");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwRegisteredUser", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwHasFullTextAccess", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwEntitled", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDate", "2024-11-21");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDateTime", "2024-11-21 00:00:00");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDate", "2024-11-21");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDateTime", "2024-11-21 08:46:14");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwNlmArticleType", "other");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwDOI", "10.3174/ajnr.A8405");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAuthors", ["Bhavya R. Shah","Jody Tanabe","John E. Jordan","Drew Kern","Stephen C. Harward","Fabricio S. Feltrin","Padraig O’Suilliebhain","Vibhash D. Sharma","Joseph A. Maldjian","Alexandre Boutet","Raghav Mattay","Leo P. Sugrue","Kazim Narsinh","Steven Hetts","Lubdha M. Shah","Jason Druzgal","Vance T. Lehman","Kendall Lee","Shekhar Khanpara","Shivanand Lad","Timothy J. Kaufmann"]);
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsEarlyRelease", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwEissn", "1936-959X");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPissn", "0195-6108");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwArticleType", "STATE OF PRACTICE");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwTabView", "main_tab");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAccessType", "Paywall");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwOpenAccess", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFreeAccess", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwCorpusCode", "ajnr");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwType", "article");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPisaId", "ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsLatestVersion", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsCurrentIssue", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsOpenIssue", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasFullText", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasPDF", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwParentTitle", "American Journal of Neuroradiology");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDate", "2024-11-21");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDateTime", "2024-11-21 08:46:14");
});

googletag.enableServices();
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__3vwOA0BwlnyBkt9H4CLg6FgNyKAh--OmfOxFOIu_5S4__EXTgktcHbQ7BQfelY6CnrqgPRc4i4eD6XcZ4i3xs5RU__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__11OTRBANYp_FPYy8gxuWv8XYK780LivNl9ef5qg3rfw__TEVdNksA7-zrPiZwnenYHdToBjuVChsDlzQL_vP4NkY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__yiXGyyzC1oV2sZBtAUN2DFoM2mAH5KP0iYCqS1dmafE__UiTPqZo1iNHqhqhx1lKGu2xkUGpxmin5ny6_22C53JA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
if(typeof window.MathJax === "undefined") window.MathJax = { menuSettings: { zoom: "Click" } };
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__gzglMimeshoybn5FdOUfx5zFIzXjSZCarAdAqdFwzb0__XnS2ZmP_Eu1FvGruois2GWaJM4qn-3H8Rt4VF8dvyrA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en&amp;render=explicit&amp;onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__4ykqVVdSaGtVGauctG3E3Uojp_237f35KQ7wMtKX9S4__4JHByHSitU6UdWxmWARTSoZyB2PFgzkw__raxGdvbvk__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--

      $(document).ready(function() {
          $.getJSON("//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.3174/ajnr.A8405&journal=1936-959X&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=asnr&format=jsonp&callback=?", function(data) {
            if (data.status === "ok") {
              // Update the href url so it goes straight to the article page
              $(".js-deepdyve-link a").attr("href", data.url);
              $(".js-deepdyve-link").show();
            } else if (data.status === "not_found") {
              $(".js-deepdyve-link").hide();
            }
          });
        });
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__4lG8Nd_Z78ebRQwNtbOlh_jt-whQYFW5Try6DwQUwAM__8EEmyuTE_JxYCL1fbIkxkI5UUKYRtta33k484QkazhA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4CRTLTY8KW"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-4CRTLTY8KW", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__xwmR_XUqgIHdKocIkn2GiqYMVWJ0gY7OwpoARPRxEYM__CdSkXbn46iKUJfVct1nUx50N8MQ35eZOCMya9EuGbeU__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__156__G_TX0wWbp2x4EuISKOgbs4NaeHZ2KmXq85T6UI__w2izI_4UeJKq2XZJo79kNkQyxp_-2ptYjzA3YJcr-tg__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__az53Pz-SG0wejB-7UDzC-AbKqNFb4dAiZbq9Ymbj0sY__8FyXs8A34T1jX6OUXsgX27-4ASoy8QDncslXiOc2PK4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"jcore_1","theme_token":"8c_JCawjWwuzB45kJ_fph9uxzH747-5nqy0dWgH8YKA","js":{"sites\/all\/libraries\/modernizr\/modernizr.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.button.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.mouse.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.draggable.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.position.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.resizable.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.dialog.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tooltip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery.bgiframe\/jquery.bgiframe.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery.hoverIntent\/jquery.hoverIntent.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/js\/nice_menus.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/jquery.cookie-1.4.1.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.equal-heights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.panels-ajax-tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_js\/casa.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_log\/highwire_log.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/js\/highwire_user_meta.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab\/js\/panels_ajax_tab.js":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_article_reference_popup.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_at_symbol.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/captcha\/captcha.js":1,"misc\/textarea.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/recaptcha\/js\/recaptcha.js":1,"https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/api.js?hl=en\u0026render=explicit\u0026onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_citation\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_citation_export.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/minipanel_dialog_link.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_share_dialog.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/clipboard.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_clipboard.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/twitter_button.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/facebook_like.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/google_plus_one.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_article_nav.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_nav_float.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_citing_links.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_search\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_search_similar_articles.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_accordion\/js\/panels_accordion.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-access.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-author-tooltip.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/plugins\/styles\/highwire_responsive_toggle\/highwire_responsive_toggle.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-4CRTLTY8KW":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/js\/theme-scripts.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/js\/highwire-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/enquire.js\/enquire.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picturefill2\/picturefill.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_panels_ajax_tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_openurl.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_google_scholar_sprinkle.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_article_trendmd.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_user_salutation.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/eu_cookie_compliance.js":1,"http:\/\/securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\/tag\/js\/gpt.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.gtranslate.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_datalayer\/js\/highwire_datalayer.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/jquery.formalize.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-equalheights.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.button.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.resizable.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.dialog.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.tooltip.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_draw\/css\/highwire-draw.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_folders\/highwire_folders.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/css\/highwire-responsive.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_saved_searches\/highwire_saved_searches.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/highwire_user.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture_wysiwyg.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_admanager\/google_admanager.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.highwire.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/nlm-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"public:\/\/ctools\/css\/263bfdb18936424f0ade19d6bd885f37.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab\/css\/panels_ajax_tab.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_corrections.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.markup.css":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/layouts\/highwire_2col_stacked\/highwire-2col-stacked.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/forward\/forward.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_share_link.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_copy_permalink.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_citing_links.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_reports_feed.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-article-citation-list.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/plugins\/styles\/highwire_responsive_toggle\/highwire_responsive_toggle.css.less":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus_default.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/css\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire.gtranslate.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons-glyphs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome-ie7.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-mobile.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-alpha.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/formalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-branding.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-menu.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/mobile-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/global.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jquery-ui-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/eletters.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/colors.css.less":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-narrow.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/narrow\/jcore-default-narrow-30.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-wide.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/wide\/jcore-default-wide-30.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_ajnr_styles\/css\/jnl-ajnr-styles.css.less":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_ajnr_styles\/css\/jnl-ajnr-breakpoints.css.less":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"markup":[{"requested":"short-text","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1"},{"requested":"short-text","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1"},{"requested":"long","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1"},{"requested":"full-text","variant":"full-text","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1"}],"nid":"111926","apath":"\/ajnr\/early\/2024\/11\/21\/ajnr.A8405.atom","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1","ac":{"\/ajnr\/early\/2024\/11\/21\/ajnr.A8405.atom":{"access":{"full":false,"reprint":false,"abstract":true},"pisa_id":"","apath":"\/ajnr\/early\/2024\/11\/21\/ajnr.A8405.atom","jcode":"ajnr"},"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1","apath":"","jcode":"ajnr"}},"processed":["highwire_math"],"trendmd":{"trendmd-suggestions":"{\u0022element\u0022:\u0022#trendmd-suggestions\u0022,\u0022track_id\u0022:\u0022null\u0022}"},"modal_window_width":"560","share_modal_width":"560","share_modal_title":"Share this Article","dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022http:\\\/\\\/ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org\\\/content\\\/early\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/21\\\/ajnr.A8405\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/node\\\/111926\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022journal page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullTextAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEntitled\u0022:\u0022no\u0022},\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022hwIssueDate\u0022:\u00222024-11-21\u0022,\u0022hwIssueDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-11-21 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDate\u0022:\u00222024-11-21\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-11-21 08:46:14\u0022,\u0022hwNlmArticleType\u0022:\u0022other\u0022,\u0022hwDOI\u0022:\u002210.3174\\\/ajnr.A8405\u0022,\u0022hwAuthors\u0022:\u0022Bhavya R. Shah,Jody Tanabe,John E. Jordan,Drew Kern,Stephen C. Harward,Fabricio S. Feltrin,Padraig O\\u2019Suilliebhain,Vibhash D. Sharma,Joseph A. Maldjian,Alexandre Boutet,Raghav Mattay,Leo P. Sugrue,Kazim Narsinh,Steven Hetts,Lubdha M. Shah,Jason Druzgal,Vance T. Lehman,Kendall Lee,Shekhar Khanpara,Shivanand Lad,Timothy J. Kaufmann\u0022,\u0022hwContributors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIsEarlyRelease\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwEissn\u0022:\u00221936-959X\u0022,\u0022hwPissn\u0022:\u00220195-6108\u0022,\u0022hwVolume\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIssue\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwArticleType\u0022:\u0022STATE OF PRACTICE\u0022,\u0022hwTabView\u0022:\u0022main_tab\u0022,\u0022hwViewType\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessType\u0022:\u0022Paywall\u0022,\u0022hwOpenAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwFreeAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwTaxonomy\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwCorpusCode\u0022:\u0022ajnr\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022hwSubtitle\u0022:null,\u0022hwOverline\u0022:null,\u0022hwPisaId\u0022:\u0022ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1\u0022,\u0022hwFirstPage\u0022:null,\u0022hwLastPage\u0022:null,\u0022hwIsLatestVersion\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwIsCurrentIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwIsOpenIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullText\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwHasPDF\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwParentTitle\u0022:\u0022American Journal of Neuroradiology\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDate\u0022:\u00222024-11-21\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-11-21 08:46:14\u0022}}"},"highwire_panel_tabs":[{"panel_name":"jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf","panel_ajax_tab":"jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf"}],"panel_ajax_tab":{"path":"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab"},"instances":"{\u0022highwire_abstract_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:20,\u0022height\u0022:20,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022right center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022left center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022shift\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter click \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_author_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022bottom center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022mimic\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom left\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top left\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022flip\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}}}","qtipDebug":"{\u0022leaveElement\u0022:0}","urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/node\/111926":true},"ws_fl":{"width":100,"height":21},"ws_gpo":{"size":"","annotation":"","lang":"","callback":"","width":300},"highwire_search_similar_articles":{"highwire-search-similar-articles-list-1":{"conf":{"context":"requiredcontext_entity:node_1","override_title":1,"override_title_text":"\u003Ci class=\u0022icon-caret-right\u0022\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E Similar Articles","number_per_page":"5","show_pager":0,"more_link_path":"similar\/articles","more_link":1,"empty_message":"No similar articles are available.","citation_style":"jcore_standard","title_type":"prefer_short","title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"display_cme_link":0,"display_access_indicator_text":0,"display_highlight_image":"0","display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"override_title_heading":"h2","citation_settings_source":"citation_manager","citation_manager_wrapper":{"citation_manager_citation":"jcore_list_title_only"},"corpus_config_wrapper":{"corpus_config_citation_context":[]},"cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"colorbox","display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":0,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"","display_translations_text_icon":"","bundle_overrides_checkboxes":{"highwire_book_fragment":{"selector":0},"highwire_news_story":{"selector":0},"highwire_book_edition":{"selector":0},"highwire_article":{"selector":0},"highwire_issue":{"selector":0},"highwire_comment":{"selector":0},"highwire_fragment":{"selector":0},"highwire_book_section":{"selector":0},"highwire_journal":{"selector":0}},"bundle_overrides":{"highwire_book_fragment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"jcore_title_and_author","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":"0","access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"thumbnail","display_fragment_caption":1,"display_parent_citation":1,"parent_citation_type":"highwire_book_section","parent_citation_settings":{"citation_style":"folio_book_sections_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"}},"highwire_news_story":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":0,"display_pubmed_tooltip":0,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":0},"highwire_book_edition":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"folio_books_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_article":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":0,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_cme_link":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"Translations Available","display_translations_text_icon":"icon-globe"},"highwire_issue":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_comment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"highwire_comment","show_title":0,"title_as_link":0,"title_as_link_type":"tab_view","author_format_type":"fullname","author_format_custom":"","author_list_separator":", ","date_format":"(j F Y)","display_comment_body":1,"display_attachment":1,"display_conflict_of_interest":1},"highwire_fragment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"jcore_title_and_author","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":"0","access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_fragment_caption":1,"fragment_image_settings":{"fragment_image_variant":"medium","fragment_click_image":"colorbox","show_download_links":1},"display_parent_citation":1,"parent_citation_type":"highwire_article","parent_citation_settings":{"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":0,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_cme_link":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"Translations Available","display_translations_text_icon":"icon-globe"}},"highwire_book_section":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"folio_book_sections_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_journal":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"}},"cpath_prefix":"\/content","ajax_loading_icon_classes":"icon-spinner icon-spin icon-2x","ajax_loading_text":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"more_link_label":"See more","url_parameters":{"q":"node\/111926"}},"nid":"111926"}},"panels_accordion":{"highwire_article_accordion_container":{"heightStyle":"content","autoHeight":false,"collapsible":0,"region_accordion_id":"highwire_article_accordion_container","active":0,"animated":"slide"}},"color":{"logo":"http:\/\/ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ajnr-web-logo_0.png"},"nice_menus_options":{"delay":800,"speed":"fast"},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"zero":"all and (min-width: 0px)","xsmall":"all and (min-width: 380px)","narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"popup_enabled":1,"popup_agreed_enabled":0,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n        class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n        class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n        class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n        class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":"768","popup_html_agreed":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content agreed\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EThank you for accepting cookies. You can now hide this message or find out more about cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022hide-popup-button eu-cookie-compliance-hide-button\u0022\u003EHide\u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button-thank-you\u0022 \u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/help\/cookie-policy","popup_link_new_window":1,"popup_position":null,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":0,"reload_page":0,"domain":"","popup_eu_only_js":0,"cookie_lifetime":365,"cookie_session":false,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":0,"method":"default","whitelisted_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003E\u0026lt;h2\u0026gt;We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u0026lt;\/h2\u0026gt;\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;You have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","withdraw_enabled":false},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-4CRTLTY8KW"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":1},"omega":{"layouts":{"primary":"normal","order":["narrow","normal","wide"],"queries":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}});
//--><!]]>
</script>
    <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]-->
  </head>
  <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-node page-node- page-node-111926 node-type-highwire-article context-content hw-default-jcode-ajnr hw-article-type-other hw-article-category-state-of-practice">
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MXP45WNH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MXP45WNH');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
    <div id="skip-link">
      <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a>
    </div>
    <div class="region region-page-top" id="region-page-top">
  <div class="region-inner region-page-top-inner">
      </div>
</div>    <div class="page clearfix footer-borders panels-page panels-layout-jcore_2col" id="page">
      <header id="section-header" class="section section-header">
  <div id="zone-advertising-top-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-advertising-top-wrapper clearfix">  
  <div id="zone-advertising-top" class="zone zone-advertising-top clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-ad-top" id="region-ad-top">
  <div class="region-inner region-ad-top-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini mobile-hiddens rtecenter block-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_leaderboard">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-top_leaderboard-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-top_leaderboard" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-top_leaderboard");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div><div id="zone-superheader-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-superheader-wrapper clearfix mobile-only print-hidden">  
  <div id="zone-superheader" class="zone zone-superheader clearfix mobile-only print-hidden container-30">
    <div class="grid-30 region region-superheader" id="region-superheader">
  <div class="region-inner region-superheader-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-responsive-menu block-panels-mini-responsive-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-responsive-menu">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div id="unique-id3" class="highwire-responsive-toggle-group"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-main-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-reorder"></span><span class="element-invisible">Main menu</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_main_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-main-menu" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-main-menu-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-main-menu:0 menu-level-1">
  <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-772" role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li>
<li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-773" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="active active-trail" data-icon-position="">Content</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-774" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Current Issue</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1747" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/preprint" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Preprint</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-775" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/recent" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Ahead of Print</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-776" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Past Issue Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-900" role="menuitem"><a href="/cow/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Week Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1006" role="menuitem"><a href="/cc/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Classic Case Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-901" role="menuitem"><a href="/com/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Month Archive</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1334" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/covid-19-content-and-resources" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">COVID-19 Content and Resources</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-784" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About Us</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-785" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/About" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">About AJNR</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-899" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Ed-Board" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Editorial Board</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-864" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">American Society of Neuroradiology</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-1746" role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For Authors</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1725" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/author-policies" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Author Policies</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1856" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/preprint_publishing" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Preprint Publishing</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1726" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/manuscript-submission-guidelines" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Manuscript Submission Guidelines</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-862" role="menuitem"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ajnr" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">Submit a Manuscript</a></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-1184" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Special Collections</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1733" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/CSF-Spinal-Leak" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1185" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/most-impactful-ajnr-articles" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Most Impactful AJNR Articles</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1896" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 AJNR Journal Awards</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="last expanded menu-mlid-788" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/advertising" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-780" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribers</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-863" role="menuitem"><a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122810747" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Permissions</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-782" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Ads" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Advertisers</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-790" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-791" role="menuitem"><a href="/feedback" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
</ul></nav></div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-user-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-gear"></span><span class="element-invisible">User menu</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_user_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-user-menu" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-user-menu-1 menu-name-user-menu parent-mlid-user-menu:0 menu-level-1">
  <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-801" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-802" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-803" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/login?destination=/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-17" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/logout?current=node/111926" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log out</a></li>
</ul></nav></div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-user-identities" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-user-message" data-separator="|"><span class="highwire-user-institution" data-id-type="institution" data-identity="a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A4%3A%22show%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A7%3A%22message%22%3Bs%3A50%3A%22Institution%3A%20%5Bidentity%3Ainstitutional_display_name%5D%22%3B%7D"></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-search" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-search"></span><span class="element-invisible">Search</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_search">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-qsearch-nocontext" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/node/111926" method="post" id="highwire-search-qsearch-nocontext-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="quick_search_header_keywords_788245192">Search for this keyword </label>
 <input placeholder="Search..." type="text" id="quick_search_header_keywords_788245192" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" />
</div>
<div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="quick_search_header_submit_1446876045" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-aLWYnGKPfqln0MKnSA-RDqcFJFw2bhLxNdGoQuXYoME" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_qsearch_nocontext_form" />
</div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1 highwire-responsive-advanced-search-link pane-menu-tree" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <ul class="menu">
  <li><a href="/search" title="Advanced search">Advanced search</a></li>
  </ul>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div></div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-hw-small-logo block-panels-mini-hw-small-logo even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-hw-small-logo">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-hw_small_logo">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-small-logo" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-logo.png" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology" title="American Journal of Neuroradiology" /></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div><div id="zone-user-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-user-wrapper clearfix mobile-hidden print-hidden">  
  <div id="zone-user" class="zone zone-user clearfix equal-height-container mobile-hidden print-hidden container-30">    
  	    <div class="grid-30 region region-user-second equal-height-element" id="region-user-second">
  <div class="region-inner region-user-second-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini text-right no-margin-bottom block-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_uid_strng">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-user-identities" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-user-message" data-separator=" | "><span class="highwire-user-institution" data-id-type="institution" data-identity="a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A4%3A%22show%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A7%3A%22message%22%3Bs%3A85%3A%22%3Cspan%20class%3D%22narrow-hidden%22%3EInstitution%3A%20%3C%2Fspan%3E%5Bidentity%3Ainstitutional_display_name%5D%22%3B%7D"></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  
  <div id="zone-branding" class="zone zone-branding clearfix mobile-hidden print-display-block container-30">
    <div class="grid-19 prefix-1 region region-branding print-display-block" id="region-branding">
  <div class="region-inner region-branding-inner">
        <div class="branding-data clearfix">
            <div class="logo-img">
        <a href="/" rel="home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-web-logo_0.png" /></a>      </div>
                        <hgroup class="site-name-slogan element-invisible">        
                                <h2 class="site-name element-invisible"><a href="/" title="Home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">American Journal of Neuroradiology</a></h2>
                              </hgroup>
          </div>
          </div>
</div><div class="grid-9 suffix-1 region region-branding-second print-hidden" id="region-branding-second">
  <div class="region-inner region-branding-second-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini text-right no-margin-bottom block-jnl-ajnr-user-menu block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-user-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-user-menu">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_user_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-system-user-menu links inline pane-system" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/login?destination=/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/logout?current=node/111926" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log out</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-search-box block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-search-box even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-search-box">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_search_box">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch no-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/node/111926" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1712135792">Search for this keyword </label>
 <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1712135792" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" />
</div>
<div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_504008040" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-fxPZj2ZgF0OUOmx0F6-Agw--go5wZsbkGcZflcFJxlU" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" />
</div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <p><a href="/search">Advanced Search</a></p>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-menu" class="zone zone-menu clearfix mobile-hidden container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-menu region-menu-bg-opaque region-menu-no-border" id="region-menu">
  <div class="region-inner region-menu-inner">
        <div class="block block-nice-menus block-1 block-nice-menus-1 odd block-without-title" id="block-nice-menus-1">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="nice-menu nice-menu-down nice-menu-main-menu" id="nice-menu-1" role="menu"><li class="menu-772 menu-path-front first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-773 menuparent  menu-path-content-current active-trail  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="active" data-icon-position="">Content</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-774 menu-path-content-current first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Current Issue</a></li>
<li class="menu-1747 menu-path-content-early-preprint  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/preprint" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Preprint</a></li>
<li class="menu-775 menu-path-content-early-recent  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/recent" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Ahead of Print</a></li>
<li class="menu-776 menu-path-content-by-year  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Past Issue Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-900 menu-path-cow-by-year  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/cow/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Week Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-1006 menu-path-cc-by-year  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/cc/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Classic Case Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-901 menu-path-com-by-year  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/com/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Month Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-1334 menu-path-ajnrorg-content-covid-19-content-and-resources  even last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/covid-19-content-and-resources" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">COVID-19 Content and Resources</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-784 menuparent  menu-path-node-7  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About Us</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-785 menu-path-node-935 first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/About" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">About AJNR</a></li>
<li class="menu-899 menu-path-sajnrorg-page-content-ed-board  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Ed-Board" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Editorial Board</a></li>
<li class="menu-864 menu-path-asnrorg  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">American Society of Neuroradiology</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-1746 menuparent  menu-path-front  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For Authors</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-1725 menu-path-sajnrorg-content-author-policies first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/author-policies" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Author Policies</a></li>
<li class="menu-1856 menu-path-sajnrorg-preprint-publishing  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/preprint_publishing" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Preprint Publishing</a></li>
<li class="menu-1726 menu-path-sajnrorg-content-manuscript-submission-guidelines  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/manuscript-submission-guidelines" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Manuscript Submission Guidelines</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-862 menu-path-smcmanuscriptcentralcom-ajnr  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ajnr" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">Submit a Manuscript</a></li>
<li class="menu-1184 menuparent  menu-path-node-7  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Special Collections</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-1733 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-csf-spinal-leak first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/CSF-Spinal-Leak" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)</a></li>
<li class="menu-1185 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-most-impactful-ajnr-articles  even " role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/most-impactful-ajnr-articles" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Most Impactful AJNR Articles</a></li>
<li class="menu-1896 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-2024-awards  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 AJNR Journal Awards</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-788 menuparent  menu-path-node-9  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/advertising" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-780 menu-path-node-960 first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribers</a></li>
<li class="menu-863 menu-path-smarketplacecopyrightcom-rs-ui-web-mp-details-journal-122810747  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122810747" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Permissions</a></li>
<li class="menu-782 menu-path-node-937  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Ads" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Advertisers</a></li>
<li class="menu-790 menu-path-alerts  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="menu-791 menu-path-node-10  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="/feedback" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></nav>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-menu text-right block-menu-social-media block-menu-menu-social-media even block-without-title" id="block-menu-menu-social-media">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.twitter.com/TheAJNR" target="_blank" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-x-twitter"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Follow AJNR on Twitter</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/AmJNeuroradiol" target="_blank" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-facebook-sign icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Visit AJNR on Facebook</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_ajnr/?hl=en" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-instagram icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Follow AJNR on Instagram</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-journal-of-neuroradiology" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-linkedin icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Join AJNR on LinkedIn</span></a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/rss" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-rss icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">RSS Feeds</span></a></li>
</ul></nav>    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-header" class="zone zone-header clearfix container-30">
  	      </div>
</header>    
      <section id="section-content" class="section section-content">
    
  <div id="zone-content" class="zone zone-content clearfix container-30">    
        
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-content" id="region-content">
  <div class="region-inner region-content-inner">
    <a id="main-content"></a>
                        <div class="block block-system block-main block-system-main odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panels-960-layout jcore-2col-layout" >
	  <div class="panel-row-wrapper panel-row-first clearfix">
		
		<div class="top-wrapper">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-top">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node111926--5" data-node-nid="111926" id="top-node-111926--61132043670" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8405" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Other</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">STATE OF PRACTICE</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="ajnr;ajnr.A8405" data-atom-uri="/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Bhavya R. Shah</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Jody Tanabe</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">John E. Jordan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Drew Kern</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Stephen C. Harward</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Fabricio S. Feltrin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Padraig O’Suilliebhain</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Vibhash D. Sharma</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Joseph A. Maldjian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">Alexandre Boutet</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">Raghav Mattay</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">Leo P. Sugrue</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">Kazim Narsinh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">Steven Hetts</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">Lubdha M. Shah</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">Jason Druzgal</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16">Vance T. Lehman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17">Kendall Lee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18">Shekhar Khanpara</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19">Shivanand Lad</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20">Timothy J. Kaufmann</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2024,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8405 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-111926--61132043670" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Bhavya R. Shah </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Laboratory (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuroradiology and Neurointervention Section (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (B.R.S., F.S.F., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Neurological Surgery (B.R.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Bhavya%2BR.%2BShah%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shah%20BR&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ABhavya%2BR.%2BShah%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-6174" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Bhavya R. Shah</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jody Tanabe </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>American Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Neuroradiology (J.T., J.E.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Jody%2BTanabe%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tanabe%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJody%2BTanabe%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-8444" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Jody Tanabe</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">John E. Jordan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>American Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center (J.E.J.), Torrance, Colorado</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Neuroradiology (J.T., J.E.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=John%2BE.%2BJordan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jordan%20JE&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJohn%2BE.%2BJordan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-7538" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for John E. Jordan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Drew Kern </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Drew%2BKern%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kern%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ADrew%2BKern%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-3787" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Drew Kern</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Stephen C. Harward </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>j</span>Department of Neurosurgery (S.C.H., S.L.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Stephen%2BC.%2BHarward%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Harward%20SC&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AStephen%2BC.%2BHarward%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Fabricio S. Feltrin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Laboratory (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuroradiology and Neurointervention Section (B.R.S., F.S.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (B.R.S., F.S.F., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Fabricio%2BS.%2BFeltrin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Feltrin%20FS&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AFabricio%2BS.%2BFeltrin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-7655" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Fabricio S. Feltrin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Padraig O’Suilliebhain </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>k</span>Department of Neurology (P.O., V.D.S.), Movement Disorder Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Padraig%2BO%E2%80%99Suilliebhain%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=O%E2%80%99Suilliebhain%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3APadraig%2BO%25E2%2580%2599Suilliebhain%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Vibhash D. Sharma </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>k</span>Department of Neurology (P.O., V.D.S.), Movement Disorder Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Vibhash%2BD.%2BSharma%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sharma%20VD&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AVibhash%2BD.%2BSharma%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Joseph A. Maldjian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (B.R.S., F.S.F., J.A.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Joseph%2BA.%2BMaldjian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Maldjian%20JA&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJoseph%2BA.%2BMaldjian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6384-1072" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Joseph A. Maldjian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Alexandre Boutet </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>l</span>Department of Neuroradiology (A.B.), University of Toronto Medical Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Alexandre%2BBoutet%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Boutet%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AAlexandre%2BBoutet%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-5195" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Alexandre Boutet</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Raghav Mattay </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>m</span>Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Raghav%2BMattay%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mattay%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ARaghav%2BMattay%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-9503" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Raghav Mattay</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Leo P. Sugrue </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>m</span>Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Leo%2BP.%2BSugrue%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sugrue%20LP&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ALeo%2BP.%2BSugrue%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-4519" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Leo P. Sugrue</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Kazim Narsinh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>m</span>Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Kazim%2BNarsinh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Narsinh%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AKazim%2BNarsinh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-5461" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Kazim Narsinh</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Steven Hetts </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>American Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>American College of Radiology Commission on Neuroradiology (S.H., L.M.S.), Reston, Virginia</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>m</span>Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (R.M., L.P.S., K.N., S.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Steven%2BHetts%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hetts%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ASteven%2BHetts%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-7259" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Steven Hetts</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Lubdha M. Shah </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>American Society of Neuroradiology Standards and Guidelines Committee (J.T., J.E.J., S.H., L.M.S.), Oak Brook, Illinois</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>American College of Radiology Commission on Neuroradiology (S.H., L.M.S.), Reston, Virginia</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>n</span>Department of Radiology (L.M.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Lubdha%2BM.%2BShah%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shah%20LM&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ALubdha%2BM.%2BShah%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-3533" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Lubdha M. Shah</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jason Druzgal </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>o</span>Department of Radiology (J.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Jason%2BDruzgal%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Druzgal%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJason%2BDruzgal%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-9487" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Jason Druzgal</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-16"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Vance T. Lehman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>p</span>Department of Radiology (V.T.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Vance%2BT.%2BLehman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lehman%20VT&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AVance%2BT.%2BLehman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-8293" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Vance T. Lehman</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-17"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Kendall Lee </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>q</span>Department of Neurosurgery (K.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Kendall%2BLee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AKendall%2BLee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-18"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Shekhar Khanpara </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>r</span>Department of Neuroradiology (S.K.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Shekhar%2BKhanpara%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Khanpara%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AShekhar%2BKhanpara%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-196X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Shekhar Khanpara</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-19"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Shivanand Lad </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>j</span>Department of Neurosurgery (S.C.H., S.L.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Shivanand%2BLad%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lad%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AShivanand%2BLad%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-20"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Timothy J. Kaufmann </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>q</span>Department of Neurosurgery (K.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>p</span>Department of Radiology (V.T.L., T.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Timothy%2BJ.%2BKaufmann%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kaufmann%20TJ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ATimothy%2BJ.%2BKaufmann%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-1569" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Timothy J. Kaufmann</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		
		<div class="main-content-wrapper grid-17 suffix-1 alpha">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-content">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="item-list"><ul class="tabs inline panels-ajax-tab"><li class="first"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:111926" data-trigger="" data-url-enabled="1">Article</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_art/node:111926/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405/tab-figures-data" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_data" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:111926" data-trigger="tab-figures-data" data-url-enabled="1">Figures &amp; Data</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_data/node:111926/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405/tab-references" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:111926" data-trigger="tab-references" data-url-enabled="1">References</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_refs/node:111926/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405/tab-article-info" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_info" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:111926" data-trigger="tab-article-info" data-url-enabled="1">Info &amp; Metrics</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_info/node:111926/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li class="last"><a href="/content/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full.pdf" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:111926" data-trigger="tab-pdf" data-url-enabled="1"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf/node:111926/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li></ul></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" id="panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs" class="panels-ajax-tab-container"><div class="panels-ajax-tab-loading" style ="display:none"><img class="loading" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading" title="Loading" /></div><div class="panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_ajnr_tab_art"><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" >
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-article-access-text" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="snippet article-access-text" id="article-access-text">
  
      
  <div class="snippet-content">
    <p>This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.</p>  </div>

</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2 class="">SUMMARY:</h2><p id="p-1">Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a versatile, MR-guided, incisionless intervention with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is currently FDA-approved as a thermoablative treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson disease. However, other applications of FUS including BBB opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation are all in clinical trials. While FUS targeting for essential tremor and Parkinson disease has classically relied on an indirect, landmark-based approach, development of novel, advanced MR imaging techniques such as DTI tractography and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery has the potential to improve individualized targeting and thus potentially enhance treatment response, decrease treatment times, and avoid adverse effects. As the technology advances and the number of clinical applications increases, the role of the neuroradiologist on a multidisciplinary team will be essential in pairing advanced structural and functional imaging to further this image-guided procedure via a precision medicine approach. This multi-institutional report, written by an experienced team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, summarizes current practices, the use of advanced imaging techniques for transcranial MR-guided high-intensity FUS, recommendations for clinical implementation, and emerging clinical indications.</p></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">AC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>anterior commissure<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">DBS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>deep brain stimulation<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">dDRTT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>decussating dentatorubrothalamic tract<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">ET<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>essential tremor<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">FGATIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6">FUS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>focused ultrasound<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">HIFU<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>high-intensity focused ultrasound<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8">LIFU<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>low-intensity focused ultrasound<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">ML<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>medial lemniscus<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-10">MRgFUS<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>MR-guided focused ultrasound<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-11">MRgHIFU<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-12">ndDRTT<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>nondecussating dentatorubrothalamic tract<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-13">PC<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>posterior commissure<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-14">PD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Parkinson disease<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-15">SDR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>skull density ratio<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-16">VIM<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>ventral intermediate nucleus</dd></dl></div><div class="section fn-group" id="fn-group-1"><h2>Footnotes</h2><ul><li class="fn-financial-disclosure" id="fn-1"><p id="p-78"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/sites/default/files/additional-assets/Disclosures/January%202025/0381.pdf">Disclosure forms</a> provided by the authors are available with the full text and PDF of this article at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a>.</p></li></ul></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2025 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-challenge pane-style-alt-content" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display highwire-1col-stacked-layout" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_challenge">
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		
		<div class="content-wrapper">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-content">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/node/111926" method="post" id="highwire-user-login" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-_DlB6ayRua7lxskDnvwzpSvOuUvbWKjVyfn1iTGbQuY" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" />
<div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-trendmd" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="trendmd-suggestions"></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-article-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8392" title="Does Long-Term Surveillance Imaging Improve Survival in Patients Treated for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Previous</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8427" title="Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Intra-Axial Brain Tumors: Everything the Neuroradiologist Should Know" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next</span> <span class="icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-back-to-top" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="#page" class="back-to-top" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> Back to top</a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		
		<div class="sidebar-right-wrapper grid-10 omega">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-sidebar-right">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-ad-rhs" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_rhs">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-rhs-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-rhs" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-rhs");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-art-tools" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_tools" class="highwire-2col-stacked panel-display">
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		<div class="content-left-wrapper content-column">
          <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-left">
            <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/content/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full-text.print" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-print"></span> <span class="title">Print</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link text-no-wrap" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/content/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full-text.pdf" target="_blank" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-download-alt"></span> <span class="title">Download PDF</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-jnl-ajnr-art-email" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Email this Article"><span class="icon-envelope"></span> <span class="title">Email Article</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_email">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-forward-form pane-forward" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form action="/node/111926" method="post" id="forward-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-instructions" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
 <p>Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.</p><p>NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.</p>
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-email">
  <label for="edit-email">Your Email <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input type="text" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-name">
  <label for="edit-name--2">Your Name <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input type="text" id="edit-name--2" name="name" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-recipients">
  <label for="edit-recipients">Send To <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-recipients" name="recipients" cols="50" rows="5" class="form-textarea required"></textarea></div>
<div class="description">Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.</div>
</div>
<div id="edit-page" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-page">You are going to email the following </label>
 <a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup</a>
</div>
<div id="edit-subject" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-subject">Message Subject </label>
 (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
</div>
<div id="edit-body" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-body">Message Body </label>
 (Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-message">
  <label for="edit-message--2">Your Personal Message </label>
 <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-message--2" name="message" cols="50" rows="10" class="form-textarea"></textarea></div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="path" value="node/111926" />
<input type="hidden" name="path_cid" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="forward_footer" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-rA1e11jLEf8gVQXNsvmY8a3VY7fOO57iiRapa6k9rgQ" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="forward_form" />
<fieldset class="captcha form-wrapper"><legend><span class="fieldset-legend">CAPTCHA</span></legend><div class="fieldset-wrapper"><div class="fieldset-description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div><input type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="108724496" />
<input type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="3c615d3878c24d51a489e3844e1506d4" />
<input type="hidden" name="captcha_response" value="Google no captcha" />
<div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfnJVIUAAAAAE-bUOMg0MJGki4lqSvDmhJp19fN" data-theme="light" data-type="image"></div></div></fieldset>
<div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Send Message" class="form-submit" /></div></div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-jnl-ajnr-cite-tool" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/download" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Citation Tools"><span class="icon-globe"></span> <span class="title">Citation Tools</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_cite_tool">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-citation-export" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-citation-export">  
  <div class="highwire-citation-info">
      <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article cite-tool-node111926" data-node-nid="111926" id="citation-node-111926--2380410088" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8405" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Bhavya R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jody</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tanabe</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">John E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jordan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Drew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kern</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stephen C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Harward</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fabricio S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feltrin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Padraig</span> <span class="nlm-surname">O’Suilliebhain</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vibhash D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sharma</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joseph A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Maldjian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alexandre</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boutet</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Raghav</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mattay</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Leo P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sugrue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kazim</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Narsinh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Steven</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hetts</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lubdha M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jason</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Druzgal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vance T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lehman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kendall</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shekhar</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Khanpara</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shivanand</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20"><span class="nlm-given-names">Timothy J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaufmann</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8405 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
</div>  </div>
  <div class="highwire-citation-formats">
  	      <h2>Citation Manager Formats</h2>
        <div class="highwire-citation-formats-links">
      <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.spage&amp;rft.epage&amp;rft.atitle=State%20of%20Practice%20on%20Transcranial%20MR-Guided%20Focused%20Ultrasound%3A%20A%20Report%20from%20the%20ASNR%20Standards%20and%20Guidelines%20Committee%20and%20ACR%20Commission%20on%20Neuroradiology%20Workgroup&amp;rft.volume&amp;rft.issue&amp;rft.date=2024-11-21%2000%3A00%3A00&amp;rft.stitle&amp;rft.jtitle=American%20Journal%20of%20Neuroradiology&amp;rft.au=Shah%2C+Bhavya+R.&amp;rft.au=Tanabe%2C+Jody&amp;rft.au=Jordan%2C+John+E.&amp;rft.au=Kern%2C+Drew&amp;rft.au=Harward%2C+Stephen+C.&amp;rft.au=Feltrin%2C+Fabricio+S.&amp;rft.au=O%E2%80%99Suilliebhain%2C+Padraig&amp;rft.au=Sharma%2C+Vibhash+D.&amp;rft.au=Maldjian%2C+Joseph+A.&amp;rft.au=Boutet%2C+Alexandre&amp;rft.au=Mattay%2C+Raghav&amp;rft.au=Sugrue%2C+Leo+P.&amp;rft.au=Narsinh%2C+Kazim&amp;rft.au=Hetts%2C+Steven&amp;rft.au=Shah%2C+Lubdha+M.&amp;rft.au=Druzgal%2C+Jason&amp;rft.au=Lehman%2C+Vance+T.&amp;rft.au=Lee%2C+Kendall&amp;rft.au=Khanpara%2C+Shekhar&amp;rft.au=Lad%2C+Shivanand&amp;rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+Timothy+J."></span><ul class="hw-citation-links inline button button-alt button-grid clearfix"><li class="bibtext first"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/bibtext" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BibTeX</a></li><li class="bookends"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/bookends" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Bookends</a></li><li class="easybib"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/easybib" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EasyBib</a></li><li class="endnote-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/endnote-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote (tagged)</a></li><li class="endnote-8-xml"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/endnote-8-xml" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote 8 (xml)</a></li><li class="medlars"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/medlars" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Medlars</a></li><li class="mendeley"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/mendeley" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Mendeley</a></li><li class="papers"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/papers" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Papers</a></li><li class="refworks-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/refworks-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RefWorks Tagged</a></li><li class="reference-manager"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/reference-manager" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Ref Manager</a></li><li class="ris"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/ris" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RIS</a></li><li class="zotero last"><a href="/highwire/citation/111926/zotero" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Zotero</a></li></ul>    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
        
        <div class="content-right-wrapper content-column">
          <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-right">
            <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-share-link highwire_clipboard_link_ajax"  id="shareit">
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-share-alt"></span> <span class="title">Share</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-share highwire_clipboard_form_ajax_shareit" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_share">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation large-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node111926--3" data-node-nid="111926" id="share-node-111926--41241059602" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A8405v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8405" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Bhavya R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jody</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tanabe</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">John E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jordan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Drew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kern</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stephen C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Harward</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fabricio S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feltrin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Padraig</span> <span class="nlm-surname">O’Suilliebhain</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vibhash D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sharma</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joseph A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Maldjian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alexandre</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boutet</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Raghav</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mattay</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Leo P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sugrue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kazim</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Narsinh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Steven</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hetts</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lubdha M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jason</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Druzgal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vance T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lehman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kendall</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shekhar</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Khanpara</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shivanand</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20"><span class="nlm-given-names">Timothy J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaufmann</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8405 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-clipboard-copy large-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class = "clipboard-copy">
  <span class="label-url">
    <label for="dynamic">Share This Article:</label>
  </span>
  <span class="input-text-url">
    <input type="text" id="dynamic" value="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" size="50"/>
  </span>
  <span class="copy-button button">
    <button id="copy-dynamic" class="clipboardjs-button" data-clipboard-target="#dynamic" data-clipboard-alert-style="tooltip" data-clipboard-alert-text="Copied!">Copy</button>
  </span>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="service-links"><a href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405&amp;title=State%20of%20Practice%20on%20Transcranial%20MR-Guided%20Focused%20Ultrasound%3A%20A%20Report%20from%20the%20ASNR%20Standards%20and%20Guidelines%20Committee%20and%20ACR%20Commission%20on%20Neuroradiology%20Workgroup" id="delicious" title="Bookmark this post on del.icio.us" class="service-links-delicious" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/delicious-32.png" alt="del.icio.us logo" /></a> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405&amp;text=State%20of%20Practice%20on%20Transcranial%20MR-Guided%20Focused%20Ultrasound%3A%20A%20Report%20from%20the%20ASNR%20Standards%20and%20Guidelines%20Committee%20and%20ACR%20Commission%20on%20Neuroradiology%20Workgroup" id="twitter" title="Share this on Twitter" class="service-links-twitter" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png" alt="Twitter logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405&amp;t=State%20of%20Practice%20on%20Transcranial%20MR-Guided%20Focused%20Ultrasound%3A%20A%20Report%20from%20the%20ASNR%20Standards%20and%20Guidelines%20Committee%20and%20ACR%20Commission%20on%20Neuroradiology%20Workgroup" id="facebook" title="Share on Facebook" class="service-links-facebook" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png" alt="Facebook logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405&amp;title=State%20of%20Practice%20on%20Transcranial%20MR-Guided%20Focused%20Ultrasound%3A%20A%20Report%20from%20the%20ASNR%20Standards%20and%20Guidelines%20Committee%20and%20ACR%20Commission%20on%20Neuroradiology%20Workgroup" id="mendeley" title="Share on Mendeley" class="service-links-mendeley" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/mendeley.png" alt="Mendeley logo" /></a></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="service-links"><div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first"><a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405&amp;count=horizontal&amp;via=&amp;text=State%20of%20Practice%20on%20Transcranial%20MR-Guided%20Focused%20Ultrasound%3A%20A%20Report%20from%20the%20ASNR%20Standards%20and%20Guidelines%20Committee%20and%20ACR%20Commission%20on%20Neuroradiology%20Workgroup&amp;counturl=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" id="twitter_widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Tweet Widget</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405&amp;layout=button_count&amp;show_faces=false&amp;action=like&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;width=100&amp;height=21&amp;font=&amp;locale=" id="facebook_like" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook Like</span></a></li><li class="last"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" id="google_plus_one" title="Plus it" class="service-links-google-plus-one" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Google Plus One</span></a></li></ul></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-jnl-ajnr-rental" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <span class="js-deepdyve-link">
            <a class="button btn btn-primary btn-sm" role="button"  href="https://www.deepdyve.com/doc-view?docId=10.3174/ajnr.A8405&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=asnr"><i class="icon-usd"> </i> Purchase</a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-nav mobile-hidden pane-style-alt-content" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Jump to section</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-article-nav highwire-nav-float"><div class="highwire-list"><ul data-highwire-float="1" data-highwire-float-class="grid-10 alpha omega"><li class="parent first odd"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Article</a><div class="highwire-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="#abstract-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink first" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">SUMMARY:</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#glossary-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ABBREVIATIONS:</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current Indications for Transcranial MRgHIFU</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-13" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ClinicaL MRgHIFU Recommendations</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-21" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Imaging</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-28" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Procedural Day Workflow</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-35" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Treatment</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-47" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Billing and Reimbursement</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-48" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Quality Improvement and Quality Control</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-49" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Experimental and Emerging Applications</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-57" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">CONCLUSIONS</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#ack-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#fn-group-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Footnotes</a></li><li class="last even"><a href="#ref-list-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink last" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">References</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405/tab-figures-data" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_data" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Figures &amp; Data</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405/tab-references" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">References</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405/tab-article-info" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_info" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Info &amp; Metrics</a></li><li class="last odd"><a href="/content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405.full.pdf" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a></li></ul></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-accordion" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_accordion">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div id="highwire_article_accordion_container"><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Related Articles</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-related-articles highwire-article-citation-list"><ul class="highwire-related-articles-list"><li class="first last odd"><div class="no-results">No related articles found.</div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><div class="highwire-related-articles-footer"><ul class="links inline"><li class="related-pubmed first"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?link_type=MED_NBRS&amp;access_num=39572202" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">PubMed</a></li><li class="related-google-scholar last"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=related&amp;author%5B0%5D=Bhavya%2BR.%2BShah&amp;author%5B1%5D=Jody%2BTanabe&amp;author%5B2%5D=John%2BE.%2BJordan&amp;author%5B3%5D=Drew%2BKern&amp;author%5B4%5D=Stephen%2BC.%2BHarward&amp;author%5B5%5D=Fabricio%2BS.%2BFeltrin&amp;author%5B6%5D=Padraig%2BO%E2%80%99Suilliebhain&amp;author%5B7%5D=Vibhash%2BD.%2BSharma&amp;author%5B8%5D=Joseph%2BA.%2BMaldjian&amp;author%5B9%5D=Alexandre%2BBoutet&amp;author%5B10%5D=Raghav%2BMattay&amp;author%5B11%5D=Leo%2BP.%2BSugrue&amp;author%5B12%5D=Kazim%2BNarsinh&amp;author%5B13%5D=Steven%2BHetts&amp;author%5B14%5D=Lubdha%2BM.%2BShah&amp;author%5B15%5D=Jason%2BDruzgal&amp;author%5B16%5D=Vance%2BT.%2BLehman&amp;author%5B17%5D=Kendall%2BLee&amp;author%5B18%5D=Shekhar%2BKhanpara&amp;author%5B19%5D=Shivanand%2BLad&amp;author%5B20%5D=Timothy%2BJ.%2BKaufmann&amp;title=State%2Bof%2BPractice%2Bon%2BTranscranial%2BMR-Guided%2BFocused%2BUltrasound%3A%2BA%2BReport%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BASNR%2BStandards%2Band%2BGuidelines%2BCommittee%2Band%2BACR%2BCommission%2Bon%2BNeuroradiology%2BWorkgroup&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;path=content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Cited By...</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-cited-by"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="http://jnis.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/17/7/671" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Neurointerventional oncology: the new frontier</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="last even"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/46/4/646" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Introducing the Gene &amp; Cell Therapy Study Group of the ASNR, ASFNR, and ASPNR</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><ul class="links inline"><li class="citing-cross-ref first"><a href="/crossref-forward-links/ajnr/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405#crossref" class="hw-crossref hw-crossref-link-ajax" data-list-wrapper="hw-crossref-list-wrapper" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Crossref</a></li><li class="citing-google-scholar last"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=citedby&amp;path=content/early/2024/11/21/ajnr.A8405" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div><div title="Crossref Cited-by Linking Search Results" style="display:none;" class="hw-crossref-list-wrapper"><p class = "hw-crossref-message">This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.</p></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> More in this TOC Section</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-article-citation-list"><ul><li class="first last odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node110598" data-node-nid="110598" id="node-110598--21132652914" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A8501v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8501" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2024/09/16/ajnr.A8501.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/early/2024/09/16/ajnr.A8501" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">ASNR Statement on Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Use in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><a href="/content/by/section/STATE%20OF%20PRACTICE" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Show more <span class="wrapper">State of Practice</span></a></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Similar Articles</h3><div><div class="highwire-search-similar-ajax-wrapper" id="highwire-search-similar-articles-list-1"><div class="highwire-ajax-loading"><span class="icon-spinner icon-spin icon-2x"></span></div></div></div></div></div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini more-padding-top mobile-hiddens block-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_bot_leaderboard">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>      </div>
</div>  </div>
</section>    
  
      <footer id="section-footer" class="section section-footer">
    
  <div id="zone-postscript" class="zone zone-postscript clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-postscript-fourth" id="region-postscript-fourth">
  <div class="region-inner region-postscript-fourth-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-footer block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-footer odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-footer">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panels-960-row jcore-row-4col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_footer">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-1 grid-7 alpha">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-navigate pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">News and Updates</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 Journal Award Winners</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Reviewer-Recognition" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Thanks to our 2023 Distinguished Reviewers</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-2 grid-7">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-more-information pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Resources</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/EBM" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/browse-podcast-archives" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">AJNR Podcast Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/institutional-subscriptions" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Librarian Resources</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Terms-and-Conditions" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Terms and Conditions</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-3 grid-7">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-add-journals pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Opportunities</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Publons" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Get Peer Review Credit from Publons</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-4 grid-7 omega">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-other-services pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">American Society of Neuroradiology</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.neurographics.org/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Neurographics</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org/index.php/education/fellowship-portal/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Fellowship Portal</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.asnr.org/membership-types/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Not an ASNR Member? Join Now</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-footer" class="zone zone-footer clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-footer-first" id="region-footer-first">
  <div class="region-inner region-footer-first-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-foot-info block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-foot-info odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-foot-info">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_foot_info">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-page-logo-footer" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <img class="footer-logo" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-logo.png" alt="" />  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-footer-copyright-text" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="snippet footer-copyright-text" id="footer-copyright-text">
  
      
  <div class="snippet-content">
    <p>&copy; 2025 by the <a href="http://www.asnr.org">American Society of Neuroradiology</a> All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.<br />
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X</p>
  </div>

</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-branding" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="http://home.highwire.org" target="_blank" class="highwire-branding-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img class="logo-highwire" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/plugins/content_types/images/logo_small_hw_white.png" width="190" height="31" alt="Powered by HighWire" /></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</footer>  </div>    <div class="region region-page-bottom" id="region-page-bottom">
  <div class="region-inner region-page-bottom-inner">
      </div>
</div><script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bnwyEQSuZLC-kZnFqCi5iE02nOCzM7DjY7zYxcN9nsQ__VBiBT_qq_eHMMO2Q1rXK1u-hHff31XLUkmi9dgjuPeY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js" async="async"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__puuQ6qZuZflSOzhCnY-jgY7Fv9AlRwAQ8SzEc4pSqOs__QdvWVdmkPpxtURk1sK0nHm-KZ4OJQjVuYZTnLqK1Isw__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
function euCookieComplianceLoadScripts() {}
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = "";
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__WcTpt-w0y1FyXrxZNriX8Ts1KjsFTDpdvZaw9yhRn24__aFJpdvsZPb1v9rWrq-WXbz_WQ9IThQN-mFTCdm1cfXc__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>