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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">R.K.S. Rathore</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">R.K. Gupta</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2013,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E60; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3578 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12437--61626445752" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.K.S. Rathore </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.K.S.%2BRathore%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rathore%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.K.S.%2BRathore%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.K. Gupta </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology and Imaging
Fortis Memorial Research Institute
Gurgaon, India</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.K.%2BGupta%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gupta%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.K.%2BGupta%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article fulltext-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><p id="p-1">We thank Paula Alcaide-Leon and Álex Rovira for their interest in our work.<sup><a id="xref-ref-1-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-1">1</a></sup> In a given a time-series model involving a number of parameters, it is reasonable to expect that a determination of the parameters by using very few time points may result in erroneous estimates due to noise in the data. However, if one uses enough time points, the computations are expected to be relatively error-free; the inclusion of too many time points need not result in any better estimates.</p><p id="p-2">Furthermore, if the model describes the data (ie, it is applicable), the variability in the parameter estimates using variable time points should only be random. A systematic variation in estimated parameter with respect to variable time points is indicative of an inadequacy of the model to describe the data.</p><p id="p-3">The generalized tracer kinetic model (GTKM) given by
<span class="disp-formula" id="disp-formula-1"><span class="highwire-responsive-lazyload"><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="highwire-embed lazyload" alt="Embedded Image" data-src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/34/5/E60/embed/graphic-1.gif"/><noscript><img class="highwire-embed" alt="Embedded Image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/34/5/E60/embed/graphic-1.gif"/></noscript></span>
</span> is a 2-compartment model used by the commenting authors.</p><p id="p-4">To resolve the persistence of uptake, researchers are using a model that assumes unidirectional exchange (ie, from the capillary plasma to the extracellular extravascular space [EES]<sup><a id="xref-ref-2-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-2">2</a><a id="xref-ref-3-1" class="xref-down-link" href="#ref-3"><span>⇓</span></a>–<a id="xref-ref-4-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-4">4</a></sup>), which essentially consists of the Patlak model:
<span class="disp-formula" id="disp-formula-2"><span class="highwire-responsive-lazyload"><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="highwire-embed lazyload" alt="Embedded Image" data-src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/34/5/E60/embed/graphic-2.gif"/><noscript><img class="highwire-embed" alt="Embedded Image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/34/5/E60/embed/graphic-2.gif"/></noscript></span>
</span> describing a pure contrast uptake voxel.</p><p id="p-5">The actual situation, however, appears to be best described by the 3-compartment leaky tracer kinetic model (LTKM)<sup><a id="xref-ref-5-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-5">5</a></sup>:
<span class="disp-formula" id="disp-formula-3"><span class="highwire-responsive-lazyload"><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="highwire-embed lazyload" alt="Embedded Image" data-src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/34/5/E60/embed/graphic-3.gif"/><noscript><img class="highwire-embed" alt="Embedded Image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/34/5/E60/embed/graphic-3.gif"/></noscript></span>
</span> presented in Rathore et al<sup><a id="xref-ref-6-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-6">6</a>,<a id="xref-ref-7-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-7">7</a></sup> and Sahoo et al.<sup><a id="xref-ref-8-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-8">8</a></sup></p><p id="p-6">LTKM reduces to GTKM if the leakage space is absent (λ<em><sup>tr</sup></em> = 0); and it reduces to the Patlak model in the absence of a permeable space (<em>k<sup>tr</sup></em> = 0).</p><p id="p-7">The systematic variability of the tracer kinetic parameters using GTKM and its cessation using LTKM is considered at length in Sahoo et al.<sup><a id="xref-ref-5-2" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-5">5</a></sup></p><p id="p-8">In short, it not necessary to prolong the observations until the washout phase, and a study of approximately 3 minutes is quite adequate. What is needed is to use the correct model in which the constancy of the parameters is restored to its original state. For further discussion of LTKM, readers may refer to Sahoo et al.<sup><a id="xref-ref-5-3" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-5">5</a></sup></p><p id="p-9">We used only an in-house-developed code for our computations.</p><div class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-34.5.E60.1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gupta</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RK</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Awasthi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Garg</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RK</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MR evaluation of different stages of neurocysticercosis and its relationship with serum MMP-9 expression</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2012</span> <span class="cit-month">Nov</span> <span class="cit-day">22</span>. <span class="cit-comment">[Epub ahead of print]</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">2.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2. in text" id="ref-2">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-34.5.E60.2" data-doi="10.1088/0031-9155/57/2/R1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sourbron</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SP</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Buckley</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">DL</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Tracer kinetic modeling in MRI: estimating perfusion and capillary permeability</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Phys Med Biol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2012</span>;<span class="cit-vol">57</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">R1</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">33</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1088/0031-9155/57/2/R1&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=22173205&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F34%2F5%2FE60.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">3.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3. in text" id="ref-3">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-34.5.E60.3" data-doi="10.1259/bjr/31662734"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Li</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">KL</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Zhu</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">XP</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Checkley</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">DR</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Simultaneous mapping of blood volume and endothelial permeability surface area product in gliomas using iterative analysis of first-pass dynamic contrast enhanced MRI data</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Br J Radiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2003</span>;<span class="cit-vol">76</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">39</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">50</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NzoiYmpyYWRpbyI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiI3Ni85MDEvMzkiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoxOToiL2FqbnIvMzQvNS9FNjAuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">4.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4. in text" id="ref-4">↵</a>

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<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-34.5.E60.5"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sahoo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Rathore</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RK</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Awasthi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Subcompartmentalization of extracellular extravascular space (EES) into permeability and leaky space with local arterial input function (AIF) results in improved discrimination between high- and low-grade glioma using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Magn Reson Imaging</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2013</span> <span class="cit-month">Feb</span> <span class="cit-day">6</span>. <span class="cit-comment">[Epub ahead of print]</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">6.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-6-1" title="View reference 6. in text" id="ref-6">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-confproc" id="cit-34.5.E60.6"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Rathore</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RKS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sahoo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Awasthi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">A modified generalized tracer kinetic model for perfusion parameters in DCE-MRI for high grade intracranial mass lesions</span>. In: <span class="cit-conf-name">Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</span>, <span class="cit-conf-loc">Montreal, Quebec, Canada</span>; <span class="cit-conf-date">May 6–13, 2011</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">7.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-7-1" title="View reference 7. in text" id="ref-7">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-confproc" id="cit-34.5.E60.7"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Rathore</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RKS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gupta</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RK</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sahoo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">DCE-MRI using a three compartment leaky tracer kinetic model (LTKM) for whole body applications</span>. In: <span class="cit-conf-name">Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</span>, <span class="cit-conf-loc">Melbourne, Australia</span>; <span class="cit-conf-date">May 5–11, 2012</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">8.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-8-1" title="View reference 8. in text" id="ref-8">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-confproc" id="cit-34.5.E60.8"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sahoo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Awasthi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Rathore</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RKS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Effects of AIF selection and pharmacokinetic model selection on discrimination of chronic infective from chronic inflammatory knee arthritis using DCE-MRI</span>. In: <span class="cit-conf-name">Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</span>. <span class="cit-conf-loc">Melbourne, Australia</span>; <span class="cit-conf-date">May 5–11, 2012</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li></ol></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2013 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 34</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 5 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 May 2013 </div></div>
      
      
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