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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Arteriovenous malformation model for training and research." />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="1997-08-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="PURPOSE To develop an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model for teaching embolization techniques and for researching and developing new interventional devices.

METHODS Open pore cellulose sponges 2 to 5 cm in diameter were coated with a watertight elastomer. One to three afferent tubes (arteries) and one large efferent tube (vein) allowed insertion of the model into a circuit of pulsatile, flowing, non-Newtonian fluid. Using fluoroscopy and angiographic imaging, five neuroradiologists practiced occluding the AVM nidus with a variety of techniques and cyanoacrylate mixtures.

RESULTS The model appeared and behaved like a human brain AVM. Attempts to teach liquid adhesive techniques were successful, and though they were stressful for the trainee, failure had none of the disastrous sequelae that attend training with human subjects.

CONCLUSION The AVM training and research model is of value in introducing physicians to the techniques needed for endovascular cyanoacrylate therapy: it allows users to develop skills at their own rates, and permits safe &quot;failure-mode&quot; learning." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C W Kerber" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S T Hecht" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K Knox" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="1997-08-01" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Arteriovenous malformation model for training and research." />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;PURPOSE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To develop an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model for teaching embolization techniques and for researching and developing new interventional devices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Open pore cellulose sponges 2 to 5 cm in diameter were coated with a watertight elastomer. One to three afferent tubes (arteries) and one large efferent tube (vein) allowed insertion of the model into a circuit of pulsatile, flowing, non-Newtonian fluid. Using fluoroscopy and angiographic imaging, five neuroradiologists practiced occluding the AVM nidus with a variety of techniques and cyanoacrylate mixtures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The model appeared and behaved like a human brain AVM. Attempts to teach liquid adhesive techniques were successful, and though they were stressful for the trainee, failure had none of the disastrous sequelae that attend training with human subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The AVM training and research model is of value in introducing physicians to the techniques needed for endovascular cyanoacrylate therapy: it allows users to develop skills at their own rates, and permits safe &quot;failure-mode&quot; learning.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="C W Kerber" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="PURPOSE To develop an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model for teaching embolization techniques and for researching and developing new interventional devices.

METHODS Open pore cellulose sponges 2 to 5 cm in diameter were coated with a watertight elastomer. One to three afferent tubes (arteries) and one large efferent tube (vein) allowed insertion of the model into a circuit of pulsatile, flowing, non-Newtonian fluid. Using fluoroscopy and angiographic imaging, five neuroradiologists practiced occluding the AVM nidus with a variety of techniques and cyanoacrylate mixtures.

RESULTS The model appeared and behaved like a human brain AVM. Attempts to teach liquid adhesive techniques were successful, and though they were stressful for the trainee, failure had none of the disastrous sequelae that attend training with human subjects.

CONCLUSION The AVM training and research model is of value in introducing physicians to the techniques needed for endovascular cyanoacrylate therapy: it allows users to develop skills at their own rates, and permits safe &quot;failure-mode&quot; learning." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="PURPOSE To develop an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model for teaching embolization techniques and for researching and developing new interventional devices.

METHODS Open pore cellulose sponges 2 to 5 cm in diameter were coated with a watertight elastomer. One to three afferent tubes (arteries) and one large efferent tube (vein) allowed insertion of the model into a circuit of pulsatile, flowing, non-Newtonian fluid. Using fluoroscopy and angiographic imaging, five neuroradiologists practiced occluding the AVM nidus with a variety of techniques and cyanoacrylate mixtures.

RESULTS The model appeared and behaved like a human brain AVM. Attempts to teach liquid adhesive techniques were successful, and though they were stressful for the trainee, failure had none of the disastrous sequelae that attend training with human subjects.

CONCLUSION The AVM training and research model is of value in introducing physicians to the techniques needed for endovascular cyanoacrylate therapy: it allows users to develop skills at their own rates, and permits safe &quot;failure-mode&quot; learning." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Arteriovenous malformation model for training and research.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C W Kerber</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S T Hecht</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">K Knox</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 1997,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">18 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1229-1232; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-4428--6253108899" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C W Kerber </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C%2BW%2BKerber%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kerber%20CW&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC%2BW%2BKerber%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S T Hecht </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S%2BT%2BHecht%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hecht%20ST&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS%2BT%2BHecht%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K Knox </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K%2BKnox%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Knox%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK%2BKnox%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 18</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Aug 1997 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C W</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kerber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S T</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hecht</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">K</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Knox</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 1997, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">18 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1229-1232; </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C W</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kerber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S T</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hecht</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">K</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Knox</span></span></span></div>
  
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