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<meta name="DC.Description" content="Facial muscle twitching during intracarotid injections of nonionic contrast media has been observed in rabbits. To investigate the cause of this reaction, cortical EEG and facial EMG recordings were made from rabbits receiving selective internal and external carotid artery injections of control solutions (normal saline, mannitol), an ionic contrast medium (meglumine iothalamate), and three nonionic contrast media (iohexol, iopromide, and iotrolan). Internal carotid artery injections with all contrast media, both ionic and nonionic, produced ipsilateral EEG changes in 24 of 28 animals; however, ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching were observed only in animals injected with nonionic contrast media. Internal carotid artery injections with control ionic and nonionic solutions (physiological saline and mannitol, respectively) produced no EEG changes in any animals. Mannitol produced only ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching in most animals. The severity of the reaction to mannitol was generally less than that to the nonionic contrast media, and this difference was statistically significant when comparing mannitol with iohexol and iotrolan but not with iopromide. External carotid artery injections with nonionic solutions (contrast media and mannitol) produced significantly more severe ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching than were recorded with the internal carotid artery injections. Ionic solutions (contrast media and saline) had no effect. EEG changes were not observed after external carotid artery injection of any solution, with the exception of two of the seven animals injected with iotrolan. Angiography demonstrated retrograde filling of the external carotid arterial system from internal carotid artery injection via functioning orbital anastamoses. In contrast, internal carotid arterial vessels were not seen angiographically after external carotid artery injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" />
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<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;Facial muscle twitching during intracarotid injections of nonionic contrast media has been observed in rabbits. To investigate the cause of this reaction, cortical EEG and facial EMG recordings were made from rabbits receiving selective internal and external carotid artery injections of control solutions (normal saline, mannitol), an ionic contrast medium (meglumine iothalamate), and three nonionic contrast media (iohexol, iopromide, and iotrolan). Internal carotid artery injections with all contrast media, both ionic and nonionic, produced ipsilateral EEG changes in 24 of 28 animals; however, ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching were observed only in animals injected with nonionic contrast media. Internal carotid artery injections with control ionic and nonionic solutions (physiological saline and mannitol, respectively) produced no EEG changes in any animals. Mannitol produced only ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching in most animals. The severity of the reaction to mannitol was generally less than that to the nonionic contrast media, and this difference was statistically significant when comparing mannitol with iohexol and iotrolan but not with iopromide. External carotid artery injections with nonionic solutions (contrast media and mannitol) produced significantly more severe ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching than were recorded with the internal carotid artery injections. Ionic solutions (contrast media and saline) had no effect. EEG changes were not observed after external carotid artery injection of any solution, with the exception of two of the seven animals injected with iotrolan. Angiography demonstrated retrograde filling of the external carotid arterial system from internal carotid artery injection via functioning orbital anastamoses. In contrast, internal carotid arterial vessels were not seen angiographically after external carotid artery injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Facial muscle twitching during intracarotid injections of nonionic contrast media has been observed in rabbits. To investigate the cause of this reaction, cortical EEG and facial EMG recordings were made from rabbits receiving selective internal and external carotid artery injections of control solutions (normal saline, mannitol), an ionic contrast medium (meglumine iothalamate), and three nonionic contrast media (iohexol, iopromide, and iotrolan). Internal carotid artery injections with all contrast media, both ionic and nonionic, produced ipsilateral EEG changes in 24 of 28 animals; however, ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching were observed only in animals injected with nonionic contrast media. Internal carotid artery injections with control ionic and nonionic solutions (physiological saline and mannitol, respectively) produced no EEG changes in any animals. Mannitol produced only ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching in most animals. The severity of the reaction to mannitol was generally less than that to the nonionic contrast media, and this difference was statistically significant when comparing mannitol with iohexol and iotrolan but not with iopromide. External carotid artery injections with nonionic solutions (contrast media and mannitol) produced significantly more severe ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching than were recorded with the internal carotid artery injections. Ionic solutions (contrast media and saline) had no effect. EEG changes were not observed after external carotid artery injection of any solution, with the exception of two of the seven animals injected with iotrolan. Angiography demonstrated retrograde filling of the external carotid arterial system from internal carotid artery injection via functioning orbital anastamoses. In contrast, internal carotid arterial vessels were not seen angiographically after external carotid artery injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="Facial muscle twitching during intracarotid injections of nonionic contrast media has been observed in rabbits. To investigate the cause of this reaction, cortical EEG and facial EMG recordings were made from rabbits receiving selective internal and external carotid artery injections of control solutions (normal saline, mannitol), an ionic contrast medium (meglumine iothalamate), and three nonionic contrast media (iohexol, iopromide, and iotrolan). Internal carotid artery injections with all contrast media, both ionic and nonionic, produced ipsilateral EEG changes in 24 of 28 animals; however, ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching were observed only in animals injected with nonionic contrast media. Internal carotid artery injections with control ionic and nonionic solutions (physiological saline and mannitol, respectively) produced no EEG changes in any animals. Mannitol produced only ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching in most animals. The severity of the reaction to mannitol was generally less than that to the nonionic contrast media, and this difference was statistically significant when comparing mannitol with iohexol and iotrolan but not with iopromide. External carotid artery injections with nonionic solutions (contrast media and mannitol) produced significantly more severe ipsilateral EMG changes and visible twitching than were recorded with the internal carotid artery injections. Ionic solutions (contrast media and saline) had no effect. EEG changes were not observed after external carotid artery injection of any solution, with the exception of two of the seven animals injected with iotrolan. Angiography demonstrated retrograde filling of the external carotid arterial system from internal carotid artery injection via functioning orbital anastamoses. In contrast, internal carotid arterial vessels were not seen angiographically after external carotid artery injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C C Whisson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">C A Evill</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M R Sage</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A J Wilson</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 1990,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">11 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">143-148; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-4618--61349501303" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C C Whisson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C%2BC%2BWhisson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Whisson%20CC&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC%2BC%2BWhisson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C A Evill </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C%2BA%2BEvill%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Evill%20CA&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC%2BA%2BEvill%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M R Sage </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M%2BR%2BSage%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sage%20MR&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM%2BR%2BSage%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A J Wilson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A%2BJ%2BWilson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wilson%20AJ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA%2BJ%2BWilson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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