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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Retinoblastoma: Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3119" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2012-05-24" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive evaluation of retinoblastoma treatment response has become more important due to increased use of eye-sparing treatments. We evaluated the relation between DCE-MR imaging and histopathologic parameters to determine the value of DCE-MR imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis and prognostic features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (mean age, 24 months; range, 2–70 months) undergoing enucleation as the primary treatment (15 eyes) were scanned at 1.5T by using dedicated surface coils. Pretreatment DCE-MR imaging of the most affected eye was evaluated by 2 observers by using curve-pattern analysis, with the first 5 minutes of each curve and the full time-series described as κ5min and κ17min, respectively. Assessed histopathologic and immunologic parameters included optic nerve invasion, choroid invasion, MVD, tumor necrosis, and expression of VEGF and Flt-1.

RESULTS: The median value of κ5min was 1.28 (range, 0.87–2.07) and correlated positively with MVD ( P = .008). The median value of κ17min was 1.33 (range, 0.35–3.08) and correlated negatively with tumor necrosis ( P = .002). Other histopathologic and immunohistopathologic parameters did not correlate with DCE-MR imaging parameters. Interobserver agreement was 0.53 for κ5min and 0.91 for κ17min.

CONCLUSIONS: In retinoblastoma, the early phase of the DCE time curve positively correlates with MVD, while the presence of late enhancement is correlated with necrosis. Thus, the potential for DCE-MR imaging to noninvasively assess tumor angiogenesis and necrosis in retinoblastoma is promising and warrants further investigation.

### Abbreviations

DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
Flt-1
:   VEGF receptor-1
κ5min
:   curve-pattern analysis of the first DCE time-series
κ17min
:   curve-pattern analysis for the full dataset
k ep
:   rate-constant
K trans
:   transfer constant
MVD
:   microvessel density
v e
:   extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Rodjan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. de Graaf" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. van der Valk" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.C. Moll" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.P.A. Kuijer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.L. Knol" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.A. Castelijns" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.J.W. Pouwels" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2012-05-24" />
<meta name="article:section" content="HEAD &amp;amp; NECK" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Retinoblastoma: Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Noninvasive evaluation of retinoblastoma treatment response has become more important due to increased use of eye-sparing treatments. We evaluated the relation between DCE-MR imaging and histopathologic parameters to determine the value of DCE-MR imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis and prognostic features.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fifteen consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (mean age, 24 months; range, 2–70 months) undergoing enucleation as the primary treatment (15 eyes) were scanned at 1.5T by using dedicated surface coils. Pretreatment DCE-MR imaging of the most affected eye was evaluated by 2 observers by using curve-pattern analysis, with the first 5 minutes of each curve and the full time-series described as κ&lt;sub&gt;5min&lt;/sub&gt; and κ&lt;sub&gt;17min&lt;/sub&gt;, respectively. Assessed histopathologic and immunologic parameters included optic nerve invasion, choroid invasion, MVD, tumor necrosis, and expression of VEGF and Flt-1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The median value of κ&lt;sub&gt;5min&lt;/sub&gt; was 1.28 (range, 0.87–2.07) and correlated positively with MVD (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .008). The median value of κ&lt;sub&gt;17min&lt;/sub&gt; was 1.33 (range, 0.35–3.08) and correlated negatively with tumor necrosis (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .002). Other histopathologic and immunohistopathologic parameters did not correlate with DCE-MR imaging parameters. Interobserver agreement was 0.53 for κ&lt;sub&gt;5min&lt;/sub&gt; and 0.91 for κ&lt;sub&gt;17min&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In retinoblastoma, the early phase of the DCE time curve positively correlates with MVD, while the presence of late enhancement is correlated with necrosis. Thus, the potential for DCE-MR imaging to noninvasively assess tumor angiogenesis and necrosis in retinoblastoma is promising and warrants further investigation.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2012/05/24" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="F. Rodjan" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. de Graaf" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. van der Valk" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A.C. Moll" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J.P.A. Kuijer" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="D.L. Knol" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J.A. Castelijns" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P.J.W. Pouwels" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Retinoblastoma: Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive evaluation of retinoblastoma treatment response has become more important due to increased use of eye-sparing treatments. We evaluated the relation between DCE-MR imaging and histopathologic parameters to determine the value of DCE-MR imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis and prognostic features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (mean age, 24 months; range, 2–70 months) undergoing enucleation as the primary treatment (15 eyes) were scanned at 1.5T by using dedicated surface coils. Pretreatment DCE-MR imaging of the most affected eye was evaluated by 2 observers by using curve-pattern analysis, with the first 5 minutes of each curve and the full time-series described as κ5min and κ17min, respectively. Assessed histopathologic and immunologic parameters included optic nerve invasion, choroid invasion, MVD, tumor necrosis, and expression of VEGF and Flt-1.

RESULTS: The median value of κ5min was 1.28 (range, 0.87–2.07) and correlated positively with MVD ( P = .008). The median value of κ17min was 1.33 (range, 0.35–3.08) and correlated negatively with tumor necrosis ( P = .002). Other histopathologic and immunohistopathologic parameters did not correlate with DCE-MR imaging parameters. Interobserver agreement was 0.53 for κ5min and 0.91 for κ17min.

CONCLUSIONS: In retinoblastoma, the early phase of the DCE time curve positively correlates with MVD, while the presence of late enhancement is correlated with necrosis. Thus, the potential for DCE-MR imaging to noninvasively assess tumor angiogenesis and necrosis in retinoblastoma is promising and warrants further investigation.

### Abbreviations

DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
Flt-1
:   VEGF receptor-1
κ5min
:   curve-pattern analysis of the first DCE time-series
κ17min
:   curve-pattern analysis for the full dataset
k ep
:   rate-constant
K trans
:   transfer constant
MVD
:   microvessel density
v e
:   extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Retinoblastoma: Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive evaluation of retinoblastoma treatment response has become more important due to increased use of eye-sparing treatments. We evaluated the relation between DCE-MR imaging and histopathologic parameters to determine the value of DCE-MR imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis and prognostic features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (mean age, 24 months; range, 2–70 months) undergoing enucleation as the primary treatment (15 eyes) were scanned at 1.5T by using dedicated surface coils. Pretreatment DCE-MR imaging of the most affected eye was evaluated by 2 observers by using curve-pattern analysis, with the first 5 minutes of each curve and the full time-series described as κ5min and κ17min, respectively. Assessed histopathologic and immunologic parameters included optic nerve invasion, choroid invasion, MVD, tumor necrosis, and expression of VEGF and Flt-1.

RESULTS: The median value of κ5min was 1.28 (range, 0.87–2.07) and correlated positively with MVD ( P = .008). The median value of κ17min was 1.33 (range, 0.35–3.08) and correlated negatively with tumor necrosis ( P = .002). Other histopathologic and immunohistopathologic parameters did not correlate with DCE-MR imaging parameters. Interobserver agreement was 0.53 for κ5min and 0.91 for κ17min.

CONCLUSIONS: In retinoblastoma, the early phase of the DCE time curve positively correlates with MVD, while the presence of late enhancement is correlated with necrosis. Thus, the potential for DCE-MR imaging to noninvasively assess tumor angiogenesis and necrosis in retinoblastoma is promising and warrants further investigation.

### Abbreviations

DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
Flt-1
:   VEGF receptor-1
κ5min
:   curve-pattern analysis of the first DCE time-series
κ17min
:   curve-pattern analysis for the full dataset
k ep
:   rate-constant
K trans
:   transfer constant
MVD
:   microvessel density
v e
:   extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Retinoblastoma: Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">F. Rodjan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">P. de Graaf</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">P. van der Valk</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A.C. Moll</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J.P.A. Kuijer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">D.L. Knol</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">J.A. Castelijns</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">P.J.W. Pouwels</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2012,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3119 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-49771--6443406343" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. 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<p id="p-1"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Noninvasive evaluation of retinoblastoma treatment response has become more important due to increased use of eye-sparing treatments. We evaluated the relation between DCE-MR imaging and histopathologic parameters to determine the value of DCE-MR imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis and prognostic features.</p></div>
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<p id="p-2"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Fifteen consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (mean age, 24 months; range, 2–70 months) undergoing enucleation as the primary treatment (15 eyes) were scanned at 1.5T by using dedicated surface coils. Pretreatment DCE-MR imaging of the most affected eye was evaluated by 2 observers by using curve-pattern analysis, with the first 5 minutes of each curve and the full time-series described as κ<sub>5min</sub> and κ<sub>17min</sub>, respectively. Assessed histopathologic and immunologic parameters included optic nerve invasion, choroid invasion, MVD, tumor necrosis, and expression of VEGF and Flt-1.</p></div>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The median value of κ<sub>5min</sub> was 1.28 (range, 0.87–2.07) and correlated positively with MVD (<em>P</em> = .008). The median value of κ<sub>17min</sub> was 1.33 (range, 0.35–3.08) and correlated negatively with tumor necrosis (<em>P</em> = .002). Other histopathologic and immunohistopathologic parameters did not correlate with DCE-MR imaging parameters. Interobserver agreement was 0.53 for κ<sub>5min</sub> and 0.91 for κ<sub>17min</sub>.</p></div>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> In retinoblastoma, the early phase of the DCE time curve positively correlates with MVD, while the presence of late enhancement is correlated with necrosis. Thus, the potential for DCE-MR imaging to noninvasively assess tumor angiogenesis and necrosis in retinoblastoma is promising and warrants further investigation.</p></div>
</div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1">
<h3>Abbreviations</h3>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">DCE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>dynamic contrast-enhanced<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">Flt-1<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>VEGF receptor-1<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">κ<sub>5min</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>curve-pattern analysis of the first DCE time-series<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">κ<sub>17min</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>curve-pattern analysis for the full dataset<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5"><em>k</em><sub>ep</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>rate-constant<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-6"><em>K</em><sup>trans</sup><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>transfer constant<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-7">MVD<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>microvessel density<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-8"><em>v</em><sub>e</sub><span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-9">VEGF<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>vascular endothelial growth factor</dd></dl>
</div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2012 American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div>  </div>

  
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