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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Brain Temperature Is Increased During the First Days of Life in Asphyxiated Newborns: Developing Brain Injury Despite Hypothermia Treatment" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5350" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-08-31" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 American Society of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. It is believed to work by decreasing the brain temperature and reducing the baseline metabolism and energy demand of the brain. This study aimed to noninvasively assess brain temperature during the first month of life in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia and healthy neonates were enrolled prospectively. MR imaging was used to identify the presence and extent of brain injury. MR imaging multivoxel spectroscopy was used to derive brain temperatures in the basal ganglia and white matter at different time points during the first month of life. Brain temperature measurements were compared between neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and healthy neonates.

RESULTS: Forty-three term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia had a total of 74 spectroscopy scans, and 3 healthy term neonates had a total of 9 spectroscopy scans during the first month of life. Brain temperatures were lower in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during hypothermia, compared with the healthy neonates (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 38.81°C ± 2.08°C, and white matter, 39.11°C ± 1.99°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 38.25°C ± 0.91°C, and white matter, 38.54°C ± 2.79°C). However, neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury had higher brain temperatures during hypothermia (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 35.55°C ± 1.31°C, and white matter, 37.35°C ± 2.55°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 35.20°C ± 1.15°C, and white matter, 35.44°C ± 1.90°C) compared with neonates who did not develop brain injury (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 34.46°C ± 1.09°C, and white matter, 33.97°C ± 1.42°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 33.90°C ± 1.34°C, and white matter, 33.07°C ± 1.71°C). Also, brain temperatures tended to remain slightly higher in the neonates who developed brain injury around day 10 of life and around 1 month of age.

CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia using current guidelines decreased the brain temperature of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during the first days of life but did not prevent an early increase of brain temperature in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury despite this treatment." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z.P. Owji" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Gilbert" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Saint-Martin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Wintermark" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-08-31" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Brain Temperature Is Increased During the First Days of Life in Asphyxiated Newborns: Developing Brain Injury Despite Hypothermia Treatment" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. It is believed to work by decreasing the brain temperature and reducing the baseline metabolism and energy demand of the brain. This study aimed to noninvasively assess brain temperature during the first month of life in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia and healthy neonates were enrolled prospectively. MR imaging was used to identify the presence and extent of brain injury. MR imaging multivoxel spectroscopy was used to derive brain temperatures in the basal ganglia and white matter at different time points during the first month of life. Brain temperature measurements were compared between neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and healthy neonates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Forty-three term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia had a total of 74 spectroscopy scans, and 3 healthy term neonates had a total of 9 spectroscopy scans during the first month of life. Brain temperatures were lower in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during hypothermia, compared with the healthy neonates (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 38.81°C ± 2.08°C, and white matter, 39.11°C ± 1.99°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 38.25°C ± 0.91°C, and white matter, 38.54°C ± 2.79°C). However, neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury had higher brain temperatures during hypothermia (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 35.55°C ± 1.31°C, and white matter, 37.35°C ± 2.55°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 35.20°C ± 1.15°C, and white matter, 35.44°C ± 1.90°C) compared with neonates who did not develop brain injury (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 34.46°C ± 1.09°C, and white matter, 33.97°C ± 1.42°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 33.90°C ± 1.34°C, and white matter, 33.07°C ± 1.71°C). Also, brain temperatures tended to remain slightly higher in the neonates who developed brain injury around day 10 of life and around 1 month of age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Therapeutic hypothermia using current guidelines decreased the brain temperature of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during the first days of life but did not prevent an early increase of brain temperature in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury despite this treatment.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/08/31" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Z.P. Owji" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-157X" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="G. Gilbert" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-1062" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="C. Saint-Martin" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-7502" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. Wintermark" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada." />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Brain Temperature Is Increased During the First Days of Life in Asphyxiated Newborns: Developing Brain Injury Despite Hypothermia Treatment" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. It is believed to work by decreasing the brain temperature and reducing the baseline metabolism and energy demand of the brain. This study aimed to noninvasively assess brain temperature during the first month of life in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia and healthy neonates were enrolled prospectively. MR imaging was used to identify the presence and extent of brain injury. MR imaging multivoxel spectroscopy was used to derive brain temperatures in the basal ganglia and white matter at different time points during the first month of life. Brain temperature measurements were compared between neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and healthy neonates.

RESULTS: Forty-three term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia had a total of 74 spectroscopy scans, and 3 healthy term neonates had a total of 9 spectroscopy scans during the first month of life. Brain temperatures were lower in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during hypothermia, compared with the healthy neonates (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 38.81°C ± 2.08°C, and white matter, 39.11°C ± 1.99°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 38.25°C ± 0.91°C, and white matter, 38.54°C ± 2.79°C). However, neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury had higher brain temperatures during hypothermia (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 35.55°C ± 1.31°C, and white matter, 37.35°C ± 2.55°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 35.20°C ± 1.15°C, and white matter, 35.44°C ± 1.90°C) compared with neonates who did not develop brain injury (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 34.46°C ± 1.09°C, and white matter, 33.97°C ± 1.42°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 33.90°C ± 1.34°C, and white matter, 33.07°C ± 1.71°C). Also, brain temperatures tended to remain slightly higher in the neonates who developed brain injury around day 10 of life and around 1 month of age.

CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia using current guidelines decreased the brain temperature of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during the first days of life but did not prevent an early increase of brain temperature in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury despite this treatment." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Brain Temperature Is Increased During the First Days of Life in Asphyxiated Newborns: Developing Brain Injury Despite Hypothermia Treatment" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2017/08/31/ajnr.A5350" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. It is believed to work by decreasing the brain temperature and reducing the baseline metabolism and energy demand of the brain. This study aimed to noninvasively assess brain temperature during the first month of life in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia and healthy neonates were enrolled prospectively. MR imaging was used to identify the presence and extent of brain injury. MR imaging multivoxel spectroscopy was used to derive brain temperatures in the basal ganglia and white matter at different time points during the first month of life. Brain temperature measurements were compared between neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and healthy neonates.

RESULTS: Forty-three term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia had a total of 74 spectroscopy scans, and 3 healthy term neonates had a total of 9 spectroscopy scans during the first month of life. Brain temperatures were lower in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during hypothermia, compared with the healthy neonates (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 38.81°C ± 2.08°C, and white matter, 39.11°C ± 1.99°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 38.25°C ± 0.91°C, and white matter, 38.54°C ± 2.79°C). However, neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury had higher brain temperatures during hypothermia (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 35.55°C ± 1.31°C, and white matter, 37.35°C ± 2.55°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 35.20°C ± 1.15°C, and white matter, 35.44°C ± 1.90°C) compared with neonates who did not develop brain injury (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 34.46°C ± 1.09°C, and white matter, 33.97°C ± 1.42°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 33.90°C ± 1.34°C, and white matter, 33.07°C ± 1.71°C). Also, brain temperatures tended to remain slightly higher in the neonates who developed brain injury around day 10 of life and around 1 month of age.

CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia using current guidelines decreased the brain temperature of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during the first days of life but did not prevent an early increase of brain temperature in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury despite this treatment." />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node56049--5" data-node-nid="56049" id="top-node-56049--6671491398" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A5350v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5350" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2017/08/31/ajnr.A5350.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Brain Temperature Is Increased During the First Days of Life in Asphyxiated Newborns: Developing Brain Injury Despite Hypothermia Treatment</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Z.P. Owji</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">G. Gilbert</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">C. Saint-Martin</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">P. Wintermark</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5350 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-56049--6671491398" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z.P. Owji </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.P.%2BOwji%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Owji%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.P.%2BOwji%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-157X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z.P. Owji</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Gilbert </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BGilbert%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gilbert%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BGilbert%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-1062" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G. Gilbert</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Saint-Martin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BSaint-Martin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Saint-Martin%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BSaint-Martin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-7502" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Saint-Martin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Wintermark </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Z.P.O., P.W.), and Department of Pediatric Radiology (C.S.-M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and MR Clinical Science (G.G.), Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BWintermark%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wintermark%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BWintermark%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-6670" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Wintermark</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2>Abstract</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. It is believed to work by decreasing the brain temperature and reducing the baseline metabolism and energy demand of the brain. This study aimed to noninvasively assess brain temperature during the first month of life in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia and healthy neonates were enrolled prospectively. MR imaging was used to identify the presence and extent of brain injury. MR imaging multivoxel spectroscopy was used to derive brain temperatures in the basal ganglia and white matter at different time points during the first month of life. Brain temperature measurements were compared between neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and healthy neonates.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Forty-three term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia had a total of 74 spectroscopy scans, and 3 healthy term neonates had a total of 9 spectroscopy scans during the first month of life. Brain temperatures were lower in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during hypothermia, compared with the healthy neonates (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 38.81°C ± 2.08°C, and white matter, 39.11°C ± 1.99°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 38.25°C ± 0.91°C, and white matter, 38.54°C ± 2.79°C). However, neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury had higher brain temperatures during hypothermia (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 35.55°C ± 1.31°C, and white matter, 37.35°C ± 2.55°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 35.20°C ± 1.15°C, and white matter, 35.44°C ± 1.90°C) compared with neonates who did not develop brain injury (respectively, on day 1 of life: basal ganglia, 34.46°C ± 1.09°C, and white matter, 33.97°C ± 1.42°C; and on days 2–3 of life: basal ganglia, 33.90°C ± 1.34°C, and white matter, 33.07°C ± 1.71°C). Also, brain temperatures tended to remain slightly higher in the neonates who developed brain injury around day 10 of life and around 1 month of age.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Therapeutic hypothermia using current guidelines decreased the brain temperature of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during the first days of life but did not prevent an early increase of brain temperature in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who developed brain injury despite this treatment.</p></div></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2017 American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org" rel="license">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Owji</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gilbert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saint-Martin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wintermark</span></span></span></div>
  
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