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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Optic Tract Hemorrhage after Pituitary Apoplexy</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">H.J. Kim</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">W.H. Cho</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2007,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">28 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">141-142; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-6469--68909153" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H.J. Kim </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.J.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.J.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W.H. Cho </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.H.%2BCho%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cho%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.H.%2BCho%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article fulltext-view"><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2>Abstract</h2><p id="p-1"><strong>SUMMARY:</strong> Subarachnoid hemorrhage following pituitary apoplexy is rare, and optic tract hemorrhage after the apoplexy is extremely rare. We report a case of optic tract hemorrhage after apoplexy that is not associated with hematologic disorders.</p></div><p id="p-2">Hemorrhage within pituitary adenomas is relatively common.<sup><a id="xref-ref-1-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-1">1</a></sup> Rarely, hemorrhage following pituitary apoplexy expels into the subarachnoid space.<sup><a id="xref-ref-2-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-2">2</a>,<a id="xref-ref-3-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-3">3</a></sup> Optic tract hemorrhage in pituitary apoplexy is extremely rare and has been reported only in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.<sup><a id="xref-ref-4-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-4">4</a></sup> We report a case of optic pathway hemorrhage after pituitary apoplexy not associated with hematologic disorders.</p><div class="section" id="sec-1"><h2>Case Report</h2><p id="p-3">A 50-year-old man was admitted due to acute onset of blindness in the right eye. He had visual disturbance for 2 months and severe headache for 4 days before admission.</p><p id="p-4">A pituitary macroadenoma was incidentally noticed on MR images 6 years before admission (not shown here). He had hypertension and was on medication for this for 7 years. He had no history of hematologic disorders.</p><p id="p-5">On physical examination, the pupil was isocoric and light reflex was fixed in the right eye. The extraocular movement showed a full range. Sensory and motor function was intact. The patient’s right eye revealed no light perception and his left eye demonstrated decreased visual acuity with temporal hemianopia. Pituitary hormone evaluation revealed normal ranges. Platelet count, prothrombin time, and activated partial prothrombin time were within normal limits. The patient had no history of hematologic disorders.</p><p id="p-6">Orbit MR images on admission day 1 demonstrated mixed signal intensity prominence of the pituitary gland on T1- (<a id="xref-fig-1-1" class="xref-fig" href="#F1">Fig 1<em>A</em></a>) and T2-weighted images and mild contrast enhancement. The optic chiasm and optic tract showed no specific change of signal intensity or of size on T1- and T2-weighted images (<a id="xref-fig-1-2" class="xref-fig" href="#F1">Fig 1<em>A–C</em></a>). On admission day 2, T1-weighted coronal images revealed an edematous optic chiasm and right optic tract with hyperintensity on T1-weighted images (<a id="xref-fig-2-1" class="xref-fig" href="#F2">Fig 2<em>A</em></a>, <em>-D</em>). T2-weighted images showed hypointensity of the optic chiasm and right optic tract (<a id="xref-fig-2-2" class="xref-fig" href="#F2">Fig 2<em>B, -C</em></a>). The right optic tract increased in size within 1 day (<a id="xref-fig-1-3" class="xref-fig" href="#F1">Figs <em>1C</em></a>, <a id="xref-fig-2-3" class="xref-fig" href="#F2">2<em>C</em></a>). A pituitary mass showed mixed signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images. However, pituitary CT scans showed no evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage.</p><div id="F1" class="fig pos-float odd"><div class="highwire-figure"><div class="fig-inline-img-wrapper"><div class="fig-inline-img"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F1.large.jpg?width=800&amp;height=600&amp;carousel=1" title="MR images of patient on admission. T1-weighted coronal image (A) shows a hyperintense mass in the sellar and the suprasellar regions, suggestive of a subacute bleed. Note that neither the optic chiasm nor the optic tracts reveal evidence of hemorrhage on T1-weighted (A, B) or T2-weighted images (C)." class="highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load" rel="gallery-fragment-images-1931680279" data-figure-caption="&lt;div class=&quot;highwire-markup&quot;&gt;MR images of patient on admission. T1-weighted coronal image (A) shows a hyperintense mass in the sellar and the suprasellar regions, suggestive of a subacute bleed. Note that neither the optic chiasm nor the optic tracts reveal evidence of hemorrhage on T1-weighted (A, B) or T2-weighted images (C).&lt;/div&gt;" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="hw-responsive-img"><img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image lazyload" alt="Fig 1." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F1.medium.gif" width="440" height="124"/><noscript><img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image" alt="Fig 1." src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F1.medium.gif" width="440" height="124"/></noscript></span></a></div></div><ul class="highwire-figure-links inline"><li class="download-fig first"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F1.large.jpg?download=true" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download" title="Download Fig 1." data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Download figure</a></li><li class="new-tab"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F1.large.jpg" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Open in new tab</a></li><li class="download-ppt last"><a href="/highwire/powerpoint/19599" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Download powerpoint</a></li></ul></div><div class="fig-caption" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><span class="fig-label"><strong>Fig 1.</strong></span> <p id="p-16" class="first-child">MR images of patient on admission. T1-weighted coronal image (<em>A</em>) shows a hyperintense mass in the sellar and the suprasellar regions, suggestive of a subacute bleed. Note that neither the optic chiasm nor the optic tracts reveal evidence of hemorrhage on T1-weighted (<em>A, B</em>) or T2-weighted images (<em>C</em>).</p><div class="sb-div caption-clear"></div></div></div><div id="F2" class="fig pos-float odd"><div class="highwire-figure"><div class="fig-inline-img-wrapper"><div class="fig-inline-img"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F2.large.jpg?width=800&amp;height=600&amp;carousel=1" title="MR images of patient on admission day 2. Enlargement of the right optic tract with hyperintensity on T1-weighted (A) and hypointensity on T2-weighted images (B, C) is seen, suggestive of acute bleed. Note mild edema in the left optic tract. A sagittal T1-weighted image (D) reveals hyperintensity of the pituitary adenoma and right optic chiasm." class="highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load" rel="gallery-fragment-images-1931680279" data-figure-caption="&lt;div class=&quot;highwire-markup&quot;&gt;MR images of patient on admission day 2. Enlargement of the right optic tract with hyperintensity on T1-weighted (A) and hypointensity on T2-weighted images (B, C) is seen, suggestive of acute bleed. Note mild edema in the left optic tract. A sagittal T1-weighted image (D) reveals hyperintensity of the pituitary adenoma and right optic chiasm.&lt;/div&gt;" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="hw-responsive-img"><img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image lazyload" alt="Fig 2." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F2.medium.gif" width="440" height="382"/><noscript><img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image" alt="Fig 2." src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F2.medium.gif" width="440" height="382"/></noscript></span></a></div></div><ul class="highwire-figure-links inline"><li class="download-fig first"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F2.large.jpg?download=true" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download" title="Download Fig 2." data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Download figure</a></li><li class="new-tab"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F2.large.jpg" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Open in new tab</a></li><li class="download-ppt last"><a href="/highwire/powerpoint/19687" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Download powerpoint</a></li></ul></div><div class="fig-caption"><span class="fig-label"><strong>Fig 2.</strong></span> <p id="p-17" class="first-child">MR images of patient on admission day 2. Enlargement of the right optic tract with hyperintensity on T1-weighted (<em>A</em>) and hypointensity on T2-weighted images (<em>B, C</em>) is seen, suggestive of acute bleed. Note mild edema in the left optic tract. A sagittal T1-weighted image (<em>D</em>) reveals hyperintensity of the pituitary adenoma and right optic chiasm.</p><div class="sb-div caption-clear"></div></div></div><p id="p-7">Transsphenoidal aspiration of the mass was performed on admission day 3. Necrotic and hemorrhagic adenoma was confirmed pathologically. On admission day 30, pituitary MR images demonstrated an optic chiasm, and the right optic tract showed isointensity on T1- and T2-weighted images (<a id="xref-fig-3-1" class="xref-fig" href="#F3">Fig 3 <em>A</em></a>, <em>-B</em>). Swelling of both optic tracts was decreased compared with MR images of admission days 1 or 2. Physical examination revealed faint light perception in the patient’s right eye. His left eye revealed improved visual acuity; however, temporal hemianopia was still evident.</p><div id="F3" class="fig pos-float odd"><div class="highwire-figure"><div class="fig-inline-img-wrapper"><div class="fig-inline-img"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F3.large.jpg?width=800&amp;height=600&amp;carousel=1" title="T1-weighted (A) and T2-weighted (B) MR images on admission day 30. Optic tract swelling in the patient has decreased. Both optic tracts are revealed as isointensity on both images." class="highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load" rel="gallery-fragment-images-1931680279" data-figure-caption="&lt;div class=&quot;highwire-markup&quot;&gt;T1-weighted (A) and T2-weighted (B) MR images on admission day 30. Optic tract swelling in the patient has decreased. Both optic tracts are revealed as isointensity on both images.&lt;/div&gt;" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="hw-responsive-img"><img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image lazyload" alt="Fig 3." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F3.medium.gif" width="440" height="188"/><noscript><img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image" alt="Fig 3." src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F3.medium.gif" width="440" height="188"/></noscript></span></a></div></div><ul class="highwire-figure-links inline"><li class="download-fig first"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F3.large.jpg?download=true" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download" title="Download Fig 3." data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Download figure</a></li><li class="new-tab"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/28/1/141/F3.large.jpg" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Open in new tab</a></li><li class="download-ppt last"><a href="/highwire/powerpoint/19555" class="highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Download powerpoint</a></li></ul></div><div class="fig-caption"><span class="fig-label"><strong>Fig 3.</strong></span> <p id="p-18" class="first-child">T1-weighted (<em>A</em>) and T2-weighted (<em>B</em>) MR images on admission day 30. Optic tract swelling in the patient has decreased. Both optic tracts are revealed as isointensity on both images.</p><div class="sb-div caption-clear"></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-2"><h2>Discussion</h2><p id="p-8">In pituitary apoplexy, blood and necrotic tumor tissue are enclosed and compressed within the confined space of the sella. When the pressure gradient within the sella exceeds the resistance of the surrounding structures, blood is expelled into the subarachnoid space, producing a clinical picture that may be indistinguishable from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.<sup><a id="xref-ref-3-2" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-3">3</a></sup></p><p id="p-9">MR images in the present case showed that hemorrhage occurred acutely not only in the existing pituitary adenoma but also in the optic tract. Severe headache and acute visual loss supported MR imaging findings. Hemorrhage and edema increased on admission day 2. The precise mechanism of hemorrhage extending to the optic tract is unknown. The optic tract hemorrhage may have extended directly from the hemorrhagic adenoma or occurred primarily within an ischemic optic tract.<sup><a id="xref-ref-4-2" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-4">4</a></sup> In the present case, T2-weighted MR images on admission day 2 demonstrated different signal intensities of the optic tract from those of the hemorrhage of pituitary adenoma, suggesting that the optic tract hematoma occurred more recently than the pituitary hemorrhage. Recent reports have shown connections of Virchow spaces into the optic tracts that become edematous in patients with suprasellar masses.<sup><a id="xref-ref-5-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-5">5</a></sup> The connection of these subarachnoid spaces may be the route of spreading hemorrhage into the tract; alternatively, venous pressure increases may also be responsible for the spread of hemorrhage.</p><p id="p-10">Optic tract thickening is commonly secondary to optic tract tumors such as gliomas, ependymoma, or primary CNS lymphoma,<sup><a id="xref-ref-6-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-6">6</a></sup> and it is also associated with sellar and suprasellar tumors including craniopharyngioma.<sup><a id="xref-ref-7-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-7">7</a>,<a id="xref-ref-8-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-8">8</a></sup> Hemorrhage into the optic tract is extremely rare and has been reported only with pituitary apoplexy in the setting of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura<sup><a id="xref-ref-4-3" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-4">4</a></sup> and with a cavernous malformation within the optic tract.<sup><a id="xref-ref-6-2" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-6">6</a></sup></p><p id="p-11">Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary macroadenoma results in a progressive recovery of the visual field in 95% of patients.<sup><a id="xref-ref-9-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-9">9</a></sup> Even in apoplectic patients, early decompression of the pituitary mass leads to improvement in the visual deficit.<sup><a id="xref-ref-10-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-10">10</a></sup> However, in the present case, transsphenoidal aspiration was performed because the patient had experienced visual symptoms for 2 months. Delayed decompression may be related to the poor outcome of the vision in the patient.</p><p id="p-12">Abrupt cranial neuropathy is also associated with pituitary apoplexy. Vision is most commonly disturbed; rarely third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsies develop following pituitary apoplexy.<sup><a id="xref-ref-11-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-11">11</a>–<a id="xref-ref-13-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-13">13</a></sup> Our patient showed visual disturbance for 2 months before admission and an abrupt decrease of the vision associated with acute hemorrhage of the optic tract.</p><p id="p-13">In conclusion, we report a patient with acute hematoma of the optic tracts associated with pituitary apoplexy from a hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma. While rare, this finding is of interest in that ischemic or hemorrhagic complications of the optic tract with acute expansion of a pituitary adenoma may lead to visual loss that is not soley related to external compression of the optic pathways.</p><p id="p-14">Early decompression of the pituitary adenomas is recommended for preservation or improvement of the vision.</p></div><div class="section ack" id="ack-1"><h2>Acknowledgments</h2><p id="p-15">The authors are grateful to Bonnie Hami, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Haaga Radiology Research, for her assistance in the preparation of this article.</p></div><div class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list"><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1 in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-28.1.141.1" data-doi="10.1136/jnnp.40.10.987"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Mohanty S, Tandon PN, Banerji AK, et al. 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class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-13-1" title="View reference 13 in text" id="ref-13">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-28.1.141.13"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Riedl M, Clodi M, Kotzmann H, et al. <strong>Apoplexy of a pituitary macroadenoma with reversible third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsies following administration of hypothalamic releasing hormones: MR features.</strong> <span class="cit-source">Eur J Radiol</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">2000</span>;<span class="cit-vol">36</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1</span>–4</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10996750&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F28%2F1%2F141.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li></ol></div><ul class="history-list"><li xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" class="received" hwp:start="2005-10-23"><span class="received-label">Received </span>October 23, 2005.</li><li xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" class="accepted" hwp:start="2005-12-02"><span class="accepted-label">Accepted after revision </span>December 2, 2005.</li></ul><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/28/1/141.abstract" class="hw-link hw-link-article-abstract" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Abstract</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 28</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">January 2007 </div></div>
      
      
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