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    Table of Contents — November 01, 2019, 40 (11) | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    
















    





















    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Table of Contents
  	
      
November 01, 2019; Volume 40,Issue 11 

  
  
   

  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
Perspectives
  • 
  
  
  
      
    
  
      Perspectives  
    	
    Guido Guglielmi
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1791; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0072 
    
  
  
  

    

Radiology-Pathology Correlation
  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Mixed Solid and Cystic Mass in an Infant  
    	
    J.C. Benson, D. Summerfield, J.B. Guerin, D. Kun Kim, L. Eckel, D.J. Daniels and P. Morris
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1792-1795; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6226 
    
  
  
  

    

General Contents
  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      MRI Features of Histologically Diagnosed Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Pineoblastomas in Correlation with Molecular Diagnoses and Outcomes: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group ACNS0332 Trial  
    	
    A. Jaju, E.I. Hwang, M. Kool, D. Capper, L. Chavez, S. Brabetz, C. Billups, Y. Li, M. Fouladi, R.J. Packer, S.M. Pfister, J.M. Olson and L.A. Heier
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1796-1803; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6253 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Diffusion Characteristics of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3-K27M Mutation Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis  
    	
    M.S. Aboian, E. Tong, D.A. Solomon, C. Kline, A. Gautam, A. Vardapetyan, B. Tamrazi, Y. Li, C.D. Jordan, E. Felton, B. Weinberg, S. Braunstein, S. Mueller and S. Cha
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1804-1810; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6302 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Imaging Characteristics of Wingless Pathway Subgroup Medulloblastomas: Results from the German HIT/SIOP-Trial Cohort  
    	
    A. Stock, M. Mynarek, T. Pietsch, S.M. Pfister, S.C. Clifford, T. Goschzik, D. Sturm, E.C. Schwalbe, D. Hicks, S. Rutkowski, B. Bison, M. Pham and M. Warmuth-Metz
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1811-1817; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6286 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Incidental Brain MRI Findings in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  
    	
    V. Dangouloff-Ros, C.-J. Roux, G. Boulouis, R. Levy, N. Nicolas, C. Lozach, D. Grevent, F. Brunelle, N. Boddaert and O. Naggara
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1818-1823; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6281 
    
  
    	
    Seven studies were included, reporting 5938 children (mean age, 11.3 ± 2.8 years). Incidental findings were present in 16.4% of healthy children, intracranial cysts being the most frequent (10.2%). Nonspecific white matter hyperintensities were reported in 1.9%, Chiari I malformation was found in 0.8%, and intracranial neoplasms were reported in 0.2%. In total, the prevalence of incidental findings needing follow-up was 2.6%. The prevalence of incidental findings is much more frequent in children than previously reported in adults, but clinically significant incidental findings were present in <1 in 38 children.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging  
    	
    T.F. Flood, P.R. Bhatt, A. Jensen, J.A. Maloney, N.V. Stence and D.M. Mirsky
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1824-1828; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6254 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Signal Change in the Mammillary Bodies after Perinatal Asphyxia  
    	
    M. Molavi, S.D. Vann, L.S. de Vries, F. Groenendaal and M. Lequin
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1829-1834; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6232 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Biometry of the Cerebellar Vermis and Brain Stem in Children: MR Imaging Reference Data from Measurements in 718 Children  
    	
    C. Jandeaux, G. Kuchcinski, C. Ternynck, A. Riquet, X. Leclerc, J.-P. Pruvo and G. Soto-Ares
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1835-1841; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6257 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEPediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Comparison of CBF Measured with Combined Velocity-Selective Arterial Spin-Labeling and Pulsed Arterial Spin-Labeling to Blood Flow Patterns Assessed by Conventional Angiography in Pediatric Moyamoya  
    	
    D.S. Bolar, B. Gagoski, D.B. Orbach, E. Smith, E. Adalsteinsson, B.R. Rosen, P.E. Grant and R.L. Robertson
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1842-1849; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6262 
    
  
    	
    This study assesses the accuracy of combined velocity-selective arterial spin-labeling and traditional pulsed arterial spin-labeling CBF measurements in pediatric Moyamoya disease, with comparison with blood flow patterns on conventional angiography. Twenty-two neurologically stable pediatric patients with Moyamoya disease and 5 asymptomatic siblings without frank Moyamoya disease were imaged with velocity-selective arterial spin-labeling, pulsed arterial spin-labeling, and DSA (patients). Qualitatively, velocity-selective arterial spin-labeling perfusion maps reflect the DSA parenchymal phase, regardless of postinjection timing. Conversely, pulsed arterial spin-labeling maps reflect the DSA appearance at postinjection times closer to pulsed arterial spin-labeling postlabeling delay, regardless of vascular phase. ASPECTS comparison showed excellent agreement between arterial spin-labeling and DSA, suggesting velocity-selective arterial spin-labeling and pulsed arterial spin-labeling capture key perfusion and transit delay information, respectively. Velocity-selective arterial spin-labeling offers a powerful approach to image perfusion in pediatric Moyamoya disease due to transit delay insensitivity.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Findings in Aspartylglucosaminuria  
    	
    A. Tokola, M. Laine, R. Tikkanen and T. Autti
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1850-1854; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6288 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPatient Safety 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Evaluation of Lower-Dose Spiral Head CT for Detection of Intracranial Findings Causing Neurologic Deficits  
    	
    J.G. Fletcher, D.R. DeLone, A.L. Kotsenas, N.G. Campeau, V.T. Lehman, L. Yu, S. Leng, D.R. Holmes, P.K. Edwards, M.P. Johnson, G.J. Michalak, R.E. Carter and C.H. McCollough
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1855-1863; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6251 
    
  
    	
    Projection data from 83 patients undergoing unenhanced spiral head CT for suspected neurologic deficits were collected. A routine dose was obtained using 250 effective mAs and iterative reconstruction. Lower-dose configurations were reconstructed (25-effective mAs iterative reconstruction, 50-effective mAs filtered back-projection and iterative reconstruction, 100-effective mAs filtered back-projection and iterative reconstruction, 200-effective mAs filtered back-projection). Three neuroradiologists circled findings, indicating diagnosis, confidence, and image quality. The routine-dose jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic figure of merit was 0.87. Noninferiority was shown for 100-effective mAs iterative reconstruction and 200-effective mAs filtered back-projection, but not for100-effective mAs filtered back-projection. The authors conclude that substantial opportunity exists for dose reduction using spiral nonenhanced head CT and that the dose level might potentially be reduced to 40% of routine dose levels or a volume CT dose index of approximately 15mGy if slight decreases in performance are acceptable. The beneficial effect of iterative reconstrution was most pronounced at this 15-mGy dose level.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Patient Safety 
    
  
      
    
  
      Dose Reduction While Preserving Diagnostic Quality in Head CT: Advancing the Application of Iterative Reconstruction Using a Live Animal Model  
    	
    F.D. Raslau, E.J. Escott, J. Smiley, C. Adams, D. Feigal, H. Ganesh, C. Wang and J. Zhang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1864-1870; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6258 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Imaging G-Ratio in Multiple Sclerosis Using High-Gradient Diffusion MRI and Macromolecular Tissue Volume  
    	
    F. Yu, Q. Fan, Q. Tian, C. Ngamsombat, N. Machado, J.D. Bireley, A.W. Russo, A. Nummenmaa, T. Witzel, L.L. Wald, E.C. Klawiter and S.Y. Huang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1871-1877; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6283 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Prolonged Microgravity Affects Human Brain Structure and Function  
    	
    D.R. Roberts, D. Asemani, P.J. Nietert, M.A. Eckert, D.C. Inglesby, J.J. Bloomberg, M.S. George and T.R. Brown
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1878-1885; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6249 
    
  
    	
    Brain MR imaging scans of National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts were retrospectively analyzed to quantify pre- to postflight changes in brain structure. Local structural changes were assessed using the Jacobian determinant. Structural changes were compared with clinical findings and cognitive and motor function. Long-duration spaceflights aboard the International Space Station, but not short-duration Space Shuttle flights, resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of total ventricular volume change (10.7% versus 0%). The percentage of total ventricular volume change was significantly associated with mission duration but negatively associated with age. Pre- to postflight structural changes of the left caudate correlated significantly with poor postural control, and the right primary motor area/midcingulate correlated significantly with a complex motor task completion time. These findings suggest that brain structural changes are associated with changes in cognitive and motor test scores and with the development of spaceflight-associated neuro-optic syndrome.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Middle Cerebral Artery Plaque Hyperintensity on T2-Weighted Vessel Wall Imaging Is Associated with Ischemic Stroke  
    	
    Y.-N. Yu, M.-W. Liu, J.P. Villablanca, M.-L. Li, Y.-Y. Xu, S. Gao, F. Feng, D.S. Liebeskind, F. Scalzo and W.-H. Xu
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1886-1892; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6260 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Editorial 
    
  
      
    
  
      Time to Discontinue Use of the Term “Hemorrhagic Stroke”  
    	
    M. Aftab and M. Salman
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1893; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6240 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Bayesian Estimation of CBF Measured by DSC-MRI in Patients with Moyamoya Disease: Comparison with 15O-Gas PET and Singular Value Decomposition  
    	
    S. Hara, Y. Tanaka, S. Hayashi, M. Inaji, T. Maehara, M. Hori, S. Aoki, K. Ishii and T. Nariai
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1894-1900; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6248 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Role of 3D Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up in Patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis  
    	
    R. Li, P.-A. Shi, T.-F. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Wang, K. Wu, X.-J. Chen, H.-F. Xiao, Y.-L. Wang, L. Ma and X. Lou
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1901-1907; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6279 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Cerebral Ketones Detected by 3T MR Spectroscopy in Patients with High-Grade Glioma on an Atkins-Based Diet  
    	
    A. Berrington, K.C. Schreck, B.J. Barron, L. Blair, D.D.M. Lin, A.L. Hartman, E. Kossoff, L. Easter, C.T. Whitlow, Y. Jung, F.-C. Hsu, M.C. Cervenka, J.O. Blakeley, P.B. Barker and R.E. Strowd
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1908-1915; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6287 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEInterventional 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Hemodynamic Analysis of Postoperative Rupture of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms after Placement of Flow-Diverting Stents: A Matched Case-Control Study  
    	
    W. Li, Z. Tian, W. Zhu, Y.S. Zhang, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Yang and J. Liu
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1916-1923; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6256 
    
  
    	
    The authors enrolled 10 patients with intracranial aneurysms, treated with flow diverters between September 2014 and December 2018, who experienced postoperative aneurysm rupture. They matched these subjects 1:2 with 20 with postoperative unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on clinical and morphologic factors. Using computational fluid dynamics, they assessed hemodynamic changes pre- and posttreatment between the 2 groups on a number of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Compared with pretreatment, unstable flow pattern and higher energy loss after Pipeline Embolization Device placement for intracranial aneurysm may be the important hemodynamic risk factors related to delayed aneurysm rupture.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      The Fate of Unruptured Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Dissecting Aneurysm with Brain Stem Compression According to Different Treatment Modalities  
    	
    D.Y. Cho, B.-S. Kim, J.H. Choi, Y.K. Park and Y.S. Shin
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1924-1931; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6252 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      Placement of a Stent within a Flow Diverter Improves Aneurysm Occlusion Rates  
    	
    O. Ocal, A. Peker, S. Balci and A. Arat
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1932-1938; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6237 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Interventional 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Novel Models for Identification of the Ruptured Aneurysm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Multiple Aneurysms  
    	
    H. Rajabzadeh-Oghaz, J. Wang, N. Varble, S.-I. Sugiyama, A. Shimizu, L. Jing, J. Liu, X. Yang, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1939-1946; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6259 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      Transitioning to Transradial Access for Cerebral Aneurysm Embolization  
    	
    C. Chivot, R. Bouzerar and T. Yzet
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1947-1953; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6234 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Head & Neck 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      MR Imaging of the Extracranial Facial Nerve with the CISS Sequence  
    	
    J.P. Guenette, N. Ben-Shlomo, J. Jayender, R.T. Seethamraju, V. Kimbrell, N.-A. Tran, R.Y. Huang, C.J. Kim, J.I. Kass, C.E. Corrales and T.C. Lee
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1954-1959; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6261 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Head & Neck 
    
  
      
    
  
      Diagnostic Accuracy and Scope of Intraoperative Transoral Ultrasound and Transoral Ultrasound–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Retropharyngeal Masses  
    	
    T.H. Vu, M. Kwon, S. Ahmed, M. Gule-Monroe, M.M. Chen, J. Sun, B.D. Fornage, J.M. Debnam and B. Edeiken-Monroe
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1960-1964; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6236 
    
  
  
  

    

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    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBSpine 
    
  
      
    
  
      Armed Kyphoplasty: An Indirect Central Canal Decompression Technique in Burst Fractures  
    	
    A. Venier, L. Roccatagliata, M. Isalberti, P. Scarone, D.E. Kuhlen, M. Reinert, G. Bonaldi, J.A. Hirsch and A. Cianfoni
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1965-1972; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6285 
    
  
    	
    This study assesses the results of armed kyphoplasty using vertebral body stents or the SpineJack in traumatic, osteoporotic, and neoplastic burst fractures with respect to vertebral body height restoration and correction of posterior wall retropulsion. The authors performed a retrospective assessment of 53 burst fractures with posterior wall retropulsion and no neurologic deficit in 51 consecutive patients treated with armed kyphoplasty. Posterior wall retropulsion and vertebral body height were measured on pre- and postprocedural CT. Armed kyphoplasty was performed as a stand-alone treatment in 43 patients, combined with posterior instrumentation in 8 and laminectomy in 4. Pre-armed kyphoplasty and post-armed kyphoplasty mean posterior wall retropulsion was 5.8 and 4.5 mm, respectively, and mean vertebral body height was 10.8 and 16.7 mm, respectively. They conclude that in the treatment of burst fractures with posterior wall retropulsion and no neurologic deficit, armed kyphoplastyyields fracture reduction, internal fixation, and indirect central canal decompression.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Spine 
    
  
      
    
  
      Unintended Consequences: Review of New Artifacts Introduced by Iterative Reconstruction CT Metal Artifact Reduction in Spine Imaging  
    	
    D.R. Wayer, N.Y. Kim, B.J. Otto, A.M. Grayev and A.D. Kuner
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1973-1975; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6238 
    
  
  
  

    

35 Years Ago in AJNR
  • 
  
  
      
    35 Years Ago In Ajnr 
    
  
      
    
  
      Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR  
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2019, 40 (11) 1976; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0084 
    
  
  
  

    

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